Deriving cosmic expansion from Einstein:
The slide shows how Einstein's field equations
R_μν − ½ g_μν R = 8π G_N T_μν + Λ g_μν,
for a perfect fluid
T_μν = −p g_μν + (p + ρ) u_μ u_ν,
yield the Friedmann-Lemaître equation
H² ≡ (Ṙ/R)² = 8π G_N ρ/3 − k/R² + Λ/3.
Here H(t) is the Hubble parameter and Λ the cosmological constant.
The equation powers models of universe evolution, helps estimate its age and density from observations, and underpins studies of dark energy with telescopes like Hubble and JWST.
PG&E $PCG and Edison International $EIX shares are falling after California lawmakers blocked Gov. Newsom’s push to stop insurers from recovering wildfire losses from utilities.
The proposal was part of a broader plan to limit utility wildfire liabilities. With the legislative session ending Aug. 31, the larger structural reforms now appear off the table.
PG All Star Game Heads to Philly!
Despite 2026 marking just its fourth year of existence, the alum of the ASG have already amounted to 14 first round picks, most recently highlighted by shortstop Grady Emerson, the second overall pick by the Tampa Rays this past July and a two-time All-Star Game alum.