The earliest records of mankind’s awareness of π are to be found among the Babylonians and Egyptians. Some four thousand years ago, they knew about π as the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The Babylonians gave the value of π as 25⁄8, while the Egyptians used (4⁄3)⁴, which works out to be 256⁄81. It is amazing that the Babylonian value is only 0.5% off the correct value of π, while the Egyptian estimate is 0.6% off. Today, students in elementary schools routinely use the estimate of 22⁄7 for π, which despite its simplicity is only 0.04% off its correct value. This estimate is attributed to the great Greek mathematician and physicist Archimedes (287–212 BC). Yes, he is the one who ran naked in the streets and shouted “Eureka” after discovering the principle of displacement of water. A more accurate approximation of π, but still a simple ratio, is 355⁄113. This gives π accurate to six decimal places. π is also essential for calculating many properties of curved figures and objects: Area of a circle = πR² (R is the radius) Surface area of a sphere = 4πR² Volume of a sphere = (4⁄3)πR³ Surface area of a hollow cylinder = 2πRH (H is the height of the cylinder) Volume of a cylinder = πR²H This simple number, π, has proven to be an extremely important universal constant that finds applications in many branches of mathematics, science, and technology, beginning with the simple circle and sphere. At the other extreme of complexity, π also appears in one of Albert Einstein’s field equations for his theory of general relativity (1916), which describes mathematically how gravity arises from the curvature of space-time: Rₐᵦ − ½Rgₐᵦ = (8πG⁄c⁴)Tₐᵦ

The first known cryptography is roughly 4,000 years old. Around 1900 BCE a scribe carved hieroglyphs in the tomb of an Egyptian nobleman named Khnumhotep II. In a few places he swapped standard symbols for unusual ones. Scholars don't think this was real secret-keeping. More likely it was for dignity, mystery, or to impress educated visitors. It is the oldest known instance of the technique that would later become cryptography.

The drums of a revolution of the hungry are beating. The situation in junta-ruled Egypt has become unimaginably difficult. Forced disappearances and arrests target anyone who merely speaks out, whether for supporting Palestine, like the Egyptian young man Shehab El-Sayed Abdel Samad, whose father died minutes after visiting his son in prison, or simply for complaining about rising prices. Most of the other forcibly disappeared carry titles such as doctor, engineer, writer, or activist. Meanwhile, drug dealers operate freely and trade openly in broad daylight Add to it the unbearable rise in the cost of living. It has reached the point where a mother found suicide to be the only escape from Sisi’s Egypt, a country where Egyptians no longer feel they have a place. In Qena, a tragic incident occurred after a 38-year-old nurse threw herself and her two children into the Nile from the Dandara Bridge. Rescue forces managed to save the mother and recover the body of her infant child, while the search continues for her daughter. Add to this the expulsion of families from their homes in order to seize the land, (video showing a family left in the street and a devastated father) If the colonial West does not move quickly to inject more money to save its client Sisi, or order its clients in the Gulf entities to pour more money into generals-ruled Egypt, the West may lose Egypt, and the domino effect will not stop there.