A Chinese-owned mine dumped 50 million liters of toxic sludge into the river that supplies drinking water to 5 million Zambians.
Sino-Metals Leach's tailings dam breached in February 2025, flooding the Kafue River. Zambian communities are now suing the company.
It's not an isolated accident. Allegations of abuse linked to Chinese mining in Africa doubled in a single year, from 45 to 100. The Democratic Republic of Congo alone recorded 52 cases. Ten Chinese companies account for nearly two-thirds of every allegation tracked.
These are the mines feeding the batteries and solar panels sold as the clean energy future.