On hard-rock machines like Prufrock Main beam, the propulsion system doesn’t push off a tunnel liner — because there is no liner. The rock itself forms the walls.
Instead, Prufrock Main beams grip the tunnel walls with ~4 million pounds of horizontal force.
Think of bracing yourself hard against both sides of a narrow hallway and then pushing forward. That’s the principle.
By gripping the rock directly, we delete entire subsystems:
no liners,
no erectors,
no segment handling,
no grout.
The result is counter-intuitive: the maximum theoretical tunneling speed through hard rock is significantly higher than through soft soil.
Simpler machine. Faster progress