Vikram Sekar(@vikramskr):A lot of the engineering is fully free to read. By the end of the free part, you’ll understand everything from NRZ -> PAM4 -> PAM6. You’ll also interactively learn how to calculate Baud rates and Nyquist frequencies for each. Just to the free part should provide a lot of learning. Check it out.

2026.10.11 18:12

A lot of the engineering is fully free to read. By the end of the free part, you’ll understand everything from NRZ -> PAM4 -> PAM6. You’ll also interactively learn how to calculate Baud rates and Nyquist frequencies for each. Just to the free part should provide a lot of learning. Check it out.

Vikram Sekar@vikramskr

2026.10.11 17:06

One way to extend the reach of passive copper interconnect is to switch to PAM6 modulation, from PAM4. While it seems simple in terms of just swapping modulation, the impact of doing so is massive. In this post, we will cover how modulations work from the ground up, in simple layman terms. No technical background required. We will end with discussing what the transition to PAM6 will look like, if we were to make the switch.