I asked @alfromnexhealth why most future value in AI will accrue to the action layer: "First, it was the chip makers, like Nvidia. Second, it’s OpenAI and Anthropic. The companies that do the R&D. The research to build the actual LLMs. The third wave, which hasn’t truly come yet, but more and more of the ecosystem is realizing it, is the companies and the infrastructure that takes the LLMs and enables them to actually action stuff in the real world. This is the layer that sits between the physical world and the software world. Where these LLMs can then actually go into the physical world and action that data. A very basic example: if you’re a healthcare practice today, you can use the OpenAI API to build a chatbot product on your website. A patient can chat with it about their condition. And it’ll recommend the right provider, and a time slot in the office to book an appointment. That chatbot or LLM needs to connect to the physical world. "What day is the doctor in the office? What room in the office is available?". All in real time. Because the patient is talking to that chatbot in real time. To then surface, “Hey, here’s what’s available,” and take your information and write it back as well. Otherwise the patient will show up and it won’t be on their calendar. So if you just track the hype cycle: it's chip makers, the companies that build the LLMs, and then the action layer that sits between the LLMs and the physical world."