“Increasingly, organizational systems bottleneck AI gains not individual workers” Yup. At this point, in most every company that does ‘knowledge work’ - there are pockets of folks who are AI-pilled and know how to use these tools effectively. With the right nudges and processes, these folks could lead the charge forward. But In most orgs, they are gated by organizational inertia. It’s much easier for orgs to do what they’ve always done, because inertia is hard to overcome. Incentives are a thing, and so are engrained organizational dynamics. This is yet another manifestation of the “No one ever got fired for buying IBM." idea. This is why I’ve always believed what Mollick has written from the beginning. The only way to make this work effectively is to have a both bottoms up and top down approach. You definitely need folks at the top who understand that to make this thing work, it’s not just a technical problem. Those leaders need to know that lots of priors have to be re-thought, and lots of things their org takes for granted (processes, org structures, how folks work together, who needs to be on the ship) - had to be burnt down. Innovators dilemma on steroids