imo part of the reason that the L1 is going to be bigger than many people expect (including ETH bears) is that there's an emerging granular spectrum of app-chain-like architectures. It's not just "L1 app, or L2, or nothing else".
Derive found the right approach for them. They call it a "zkVM program settling on mainnet". Is it an L1 app? Is it an L2? An app chain? The correct answers are "Yes" and "Who Cares" ๐ Excited for them