🧵 后端/基建开发推荐阅读的十篇论文 别只背八股了，很多面试题就是这些论文里的工程问题被压缩成的问答。 推荐按顺序读，强烈建议边读边画图/做笔记。 1️⃣ RocksDB： 看懂工业级 KV 存储怎么演进 RocksDB 这篇不是讲单个算法，而是讲一个 KV 存储在大规模生产环境里，优化重点怎么从写放大、空间放大一路转到 CPU 利用率。 Evolution of Development Priorities in Key-value Stores Serving Large-scale Applications: The RocksDB Experience 2️⃣ WiscKey： 理解为什么要把 key 和 value 拆开WiscKey 的核心是把 LSM-tree 里的 key 和 value 分离，减少 I/O 放大，尤其适合理解 SSD 时代 KV 存储的设计取舍。 WiscKey: Separating Keys from Values in SSD-conscious Storage 3️⃣ Vertical Paxos： 把主从同步放进共识算法里看很多高可用方案看起来只是“注册中心 + 主从同步”，但 Vertical Paxos 提供了更底层的解释框架。 Vertical Paxos and Primary-Backup Replication 4️⃣ PacificA： 工程里的强一致复制协议PacificA 讲的是日志型分布式存储系统里的复制框架，重点不是抽象共识理论，而是故障、恢复、对账这些工程细节。 PacificA: Replication in Log-Based Distributed Storage Systems 5️⃣ SWIM： 服务发现别只会说注册中心SWIM 把故障检测和成员变更传播拆开，用随机探测 + gossip 传播，解决大规模节点下全量心跳扛不住的问题。 SWIM: Scalable Weakly-consistent Infection-style Process Group Membership Protocol 6️⃣ TiDB： Raft 怎么落到 HTAP 数据库里TiDB 这篇讲 multi-Raft、行存、列存副本和 learner，适合看 Raft 怎么服务事务和分析混合负载。 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 7️⃣ Paxos vs Raft： 别把二者理解成口水战这篇用相同术语比较 Paxos 和 Raft，结论很实用： 二者整体方法接近，核心差异主要在 leader election。 Paxos vs Raft: Have we reached consensus on distributed consensus? 8️⃣ Paxos 和 Raft 的形式化映射： 把学术优化搬到工程系统上海交大这篇建立了 Paxos 和 Raft 的形式化对应关系，还讨论如何把 Paxos 优化迁移到 Raft。 On the parallels between Paxos and Raft, and how to port optimizations 9️⃣ PolarFS： 高性能共享存储里的 ParallelRaftPolarFS 为 PolarDB 做低延迟共享存储，里面提出 ParallelRaft，用乱序 I/O 能力突破 Raft 严格串行带来的吞吐限制。 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 🔟 X-Engine： 双 11 级 OLTP 存储引擎X-Engine 是阿里的 OLTP 存储引擎方向，适合看电商峰值流量下，存储层怎么做写入、压缩、缓存和冷热数据管理。 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing

卖全球也买全球：中国与世界共享发展机遇的诚意与担当 Selling to the World, Buying from the World: China’s Sincerity and Commitment to Sharing Development Opportunities with the Globe Foreign trade figures once again attest to the resilience and openness of China’s economy. According to data released by the General Administration of Customs, China’s total goods import and export volume reached 39.94 trillion yuan in the first three quarters of the year, up 18.8% year-on-year. In September alone, imports and exports hit 5.16 trillion yuan, crossing the 5-trillion-yuan threshold for the first time, representing a year-on-year increase of 27.5%. This robust growth has taken foreign media by surprise as “better than expected”, with forecasts that China may set a record trade surplus for the whole year. More noteworthy than the surplus is the strong performance of imports: China’s exports rose 16.4% year-on-year in the first three quarters, while imports grew by 22.3%, with import growth outpacing export growth by a notable margin. Faster growth in imports serves as the most powerful rebuttal to the narrative that “China does not import goods and rejects win-win cooperation”. It reflects both China’s domestic demand for production and consumption, as well as tangible outcomes of its efforts to advance voluntary and unilateral opening-up. China is not only the “world factory”, but also a “world market”; it acts both as a “super seller” and a “super buyer”. At a time when major consumer markets around the globe are resorting to trade protectionism, the openness, certainty and growth potential of the Chinese market stand out. It offers ample market space for enterprises of all countries, acting as a key driver to help other nations grow their economies and boost trade capacity. China never chases a trade surplus on purpose. Certain countries criticize China’s trade surplus on the one hand, while restricting exports to China on the other — a self-contradictory stance. Facts have proven that imposing trade restrictions citing trade deficits will not resolve such deficits; instead, it disrupts global industrial and supply chains. Growth in China’s exports stems from genuine global demand. The rising competitiveness of Chinese products comes from continuous advances in economies of scale and innovation, and responds to the pressing needs of countries for green transition and industrialization. Green products, high-end equipment and quality consumer goods keep flowing to the rest of the world to serve modernization efforts of various nations, which in itself is a vivid illustration of China sharing development opportunities with the world. The upcoming 140th Canton Fair, China Import and Export Fair, is a concentrated embodiment of such sincerity and commitment to opening-up. Daniel Dominguez, Acting Consul General of Mexico in Guangzhou, has attended the Canton Fair for seven consecutive years. He said trade between Mexico and China has maintained strong momentum in recent years. “For me, the Canton Fair is the world’s most innovative, largest and technology-focused exhibition. That is why I encourage everyone to come and see the new products available on the market,” he remarked. The remarks by the foreign diplomat reflect the high recognition of Chinese platforms and the Chinese market among enterprises worldwide. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the Canton Fair. A total of 32,000 enterprises will participate, including more than 11,000 high-quality firms specializing in niche technologies and national champions. Following the Canton Fair, the 9th China International Import Expo (CIIE) will kick off on November 5. It will continue to provide free booths for least developed countries and upgrade its Asia-Africa Products Zone to help African diplomatic partners capitalize on zero-tariff benefits. Earlier, China successfully hosted a series of international expos including the China International Fair for Trade in Services, China-ASEAN Expo and Global Digital Trade Expo. These events draw active participation from enterprises across the globe and serve as a vital engine boosting global trade and economic growth. As Mao Ning, spokesperson of China’s Foreign Ministry, put it, such expos are important windows for China to connect with the world, empower development and deliver benefits to people’s livelihoods. From the commitment of “selling to the world” to the proactive action of “buying from the world”, China demonstrates with concrete actions that prosperity of the Chinese economy is never achieved in isolation. Instead, it features intertwined interests and shared destinies with all countries. Amid rising unilateralism and protectionism, China stays committed to advancing high-level opening-up, injecting precious certainty into an uncertain world. China cannot develop without the world, and the world needs China for prosperity. Whether it is the continuously expanding import volume, or the gathering of merchants at the Canton Fair and CIIE, one clear message is conveyed: China is ready to embrace the world with greater openness and share market and development opportunities with all nations to jointly expand the pie of global cooperation. This sincerity and commitment best exemplifies the view that China’s economic growth benefits the world, and is a vivid practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind. 对外贸易数据再次印证中国经济韧性与开放成色。海关总署数据显示，今年前三季度，中国货物贸易进出口达 39.94 万亿元，同比增长 18.8%，其中 9 月单月进出口 5.16 万亿元，首次突破 5 万亿元关口，同比增长 27.5%。这一强劲增势令外媒感叹 “超出预期”，并预测中国今年有望创下贸易顺差纪录。然而，比顺差更值得关注的，是进口的亮眼表现 —— 前三季度中国出口同比增长 16.4%，进口同比增长 22.3%，进口增速显著高于出口。 进口增速快于出口，恰是对所谓 “中国不进口、不共赢” 论调最有力的反驳。它既是中国国内生产消费需求的客观反映，也真实展现了有序扩大自主开放、推进单边开放的实际成效。中国既是 “世界工厂”，也是 “世界市场”；既是 “超级卖家”，也是 “超级买家”。在全球主要消费市场纷纷采取贸易保护措施之际，中国市场的开放性、确定性与成长性愈发凸显，为各国企业提供了更加充分的市场空间，成为助力他国经济发展、增强贸易能力的关键力量。中国从不刻意追求贸易顺差。个别国家一面指责中国的顺差，一面又限制对华出口，实属自相矛盾；事实也早已证明，以逆差为由施加贸易限制，并不能真正解决逆差问题，反而扰乱了全球产业链供应链。 出口增长同样源于实实在在的全球需求。中国产品竞争力的提升，既来自规模经济与创新能力的持续跃升，也顺应了各国绿色转型与工业化发展的迫切需求。绿色产品、高端装备、优质消费品源源不断走向世界，服务各国现代化进程，本身就是中国与世界共享发展机遇的生动注脚。 即将开幕的第 140 届中国进出口商品交易会（广交会），正是这种开放诚意与共赢担当的集中呈现。墨西哥驻广州总领事馆代总领事丹尼尔・多明格斯已连续 7 年参会，他表示，近年来两国贸易往来势头强劲，“对我来说，广交会是世界上最具创新性、规模最大且最以技术为基础的展会”。这位外国使节的评价，折射出各国企业对中国平台、中国市场的高度认可。 今年恰逢广交会创办 70 周年，将有 3.2 万家企业参展，专精特新、单项冠军等优质企业超过 1.1 万家。紧随其后，第九届中国国际进口博览会将于 11 月 5 日启动，继续为最不发达国家提供免费展位，升级亚非产品专区，帮助非洲建交国把握 “零关税” 红利。此前，中国国际服务贸易交易会、中国 — 东盟博览会、全球数字贸易博览会等国际性展会接连成功举办，吸引各国企业踊跃参与，成为促进全球经济贸易发展的重要动力。 正如外交部发言人毛宁所言，这一系列展会都是中国连接全球、赋能发展、惠及民生的重要窗口。从 “卖全球” 的坚定承诺，到 “买全球” 的主动作为，中国以实际行动向世界表明：中国经济的繁荣，从来不是独善其身，而是与各国命运与共、利益交融。在单边主义、保护主义抬头之际，中国坚持推进高水平对外开放，为不确定的世界注入了可贵的确定性。 中国发展离不开世界，世界繁荣也需要中国。无论是持续扩大的进口规模，还是广交会、进博会的万商云集，都传递出同一个清晰信号：中国愿以更加开放的姿态，与各国共享市场机遇、发展机遇，共同做大全球合作的蛋糕。这份诚意与担当，正是中国经济发展有利于全球发展的最好注脚，也是中国对构建人类命运共同体的生动践行。 #中国智造惠全球# #广交会# #CIEF# #China# #世界经济看中国# #中国进出口商品交易会# #数据看中国#

7月22日，山西岚县建设高标准农田，提升耕地质量，增强防灾能力，提高粮食综合生产能力。 On July 22, Lan County built high-standard farmland to improve soil quality, disaster resilience, and grain output. #Farmland#