Scaling up a model has meant paying twice, in compute and in memory. Our researchers show that looped models can pay in compute alone, using the loop's fixed point as a shortcut.
A 1.6B looped model runs twelve blocks deep on four blocks of memory. On the same tokens, it beats a four-block Transformer by 17.5% and comes within 2.4% of a twelve-block one needing 3x memory. It can also train, pre-fill, and post-train without paying for every loop.
Paper:
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🔁 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐌𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟑× 𝐟𝐞𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝟑× 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐊𝐕 𝐜𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐫?
Introducing 𝐑𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐭 𝐅𝐢𝐱𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬. We argue that looped LMs don't have to pay for every loop. They can scale by adding FLOPs at constant memory.
The key is the fixed point of the loop. We introduce:
– 𝐅𝐢𝐱𝐞𝐝-𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐬: what fixed points buy a looped model in training (pre-training, post-training) and inference (prefill, decoding)
– A 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 and 𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: two ways to shape those fixed points
🧵 Long thread ahead (0/n).
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