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Léo
@LeoKharon
Robotics research & updates. Co-host @roboticsstack, the weekly pod on what's actually shipping in 🤖
加入 November 2022
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NEW ROBOT: Origami wall climber! Called SPARC, it is a collaboration between Shanghai Jiao Tong University's State Key Lab of Mechanical Systems and the University of Michigan's Hybrid Dynamic Robotics Lab. The robot here is a 210 g, 160 mm soft crawling/climbing robot driven by three parallel 3D-printed vacuum-powered Kresling origami actuators, with four silicone suction cups for adhesion. A Kresling origami is a fold pattern that turns a thin cylinder into a spring-like structure of twisted triangular facets. Compressing it makes it rotate and snap between stable states, so engineers use it to build lightweight actuators and robot bodies that fold, twist, and lock without motors at every joint. Each actuator contracts under vacuum, and because Kresling origami mechanically couples that contraction one-to-one with a twist angle, a magnetic angle encoder (AS5600) at each actuator reads the twist and an inverse-kinematics model recovers the shape, giving the robot proprioception. A dual closed-loop controller (onboard encoder/PID inner loop plus an external motion-capture outer loop) steers it along horizontal and vertical paths, and two modules in series can bend about 100 degrees to cross from floor to wall. The thread pairs it with a quoted post on Festo's BionicMotionRobot, a positive-pressure pneumatic-bellows soft arm. Soft robots normally cannot sense their own configuration because stretchable strain sensors are noisy and drift. SPARC sidesteps that with geometry. Kresling origami couples axial contraction one-to-one with a twist angle, so a cheap magnetic angle encoder (AS5600) reading the twist plus an inverse-kinematics model recovers the length. Proprioception becomes a geometry problem solved with a few-dollar off-the-shelf encoder, not a stretchable-materials problem, and that is what lets a soft robot hit 0.5% trajectory error, a precision usually reserved for rigid machines. The controller is a dual closed loop: the inner loop is the onboard encoder/PID (the genuine proprioception), but the outer loop is an OptiTrack Prime41 motion-capture system feeding global position. So the 0.5% horizontal / 3% vertical figures are achieved with off-board global tracking, not self-contained navigation, strip the mocap and the robot still knows its shape but not where it is. Same external-infrastructure caveat this file keeps flagging (SMASH's table AprilTags, LadderMan's bench-side GPU): the impressive number quietly depends on lab instrumentation. Vacuum actuation needs an off-board air supply through proportional electrovacuum regulators (SMC ITV209), an OptiTrack rig provides localization, and there is no onboard power (an onboard Jetson Nano and Arduino Mega only run the valves and encoders). It is a demonstrator of the sensing-plus-actuation idea, not a deployable crawler. Each Kresling actuator contracts 60% at -80 kPa with about 3 kg of actuation force, and three of them on a 210 g body is why it climbs a vertical wall carrying 500 g, roughly 2.4 times its own weight. Vacuum actuators collapse rather than burst (inherently safe) and pack high force, whereas Festo's BionicMotionRobot inflates twelve positive-pressure bellows to bend an octopus-like arm. Same "soft robotics" banner, opposite pressure sign and opposite job (mobility versus manipulation). The ground-to-wall transition currently takes two robots, not one. A single module bends about 50 degrees; two connected in series reach about 100 degrees and double the step length, which is what lets the pair round the 90-degree floor-to-wall corner. Autonomous single-module ground-to-wall transition is explicitly listed as unsolved.
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