A 5-axis robotic arm gets much easier to understand when every joint is pulled apart like this.
This STM32-based design uses five motions across the arm base rotation, upper-arm pitch, elbow pitch, wrist pitch and end-effector rotation.
The joint modules show the hardware behind each axis, including servo motors, planetary or harmonic reducers, cross-roller bearings, couplings, encoders and output flanges.
One axis also uses a timing-belt transmission with a drive shaft, pulleys and tensioning hardware.
I like this view because you can trace the motion from the motor all the way to the mechanical output.
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