First Phosphate Corp CSE: $PHOS – OTCQX: $FRSPF – OTCQX-ADR: $FPHOY – FSE: $KD0 continues advancing its Bégin-Lamarche project as a differentiated North American phosphate platform focused on the growing LFP battery supply chain. 🔹 Recent high-grade infill drilling confirmed broad, continuous phosphate mineralization across multiple zones, further de-risking the project ahead of feasibility-level advancement 🔹 Unlike traditional fertilizer-focused phosphate peers, FRSPF is positioning Bégin-Lamarche as a vertically integrated source of battery-grade purified phosphoric acid (PPA) for North American LFP batteries 🔹 Strong project economics, improving balance sheet strength, and expanding downstream partnerships continue supporting the company’s long-term strategic positioning Read Dmitry Silversteyn's full report for more detail on drilling results, project economics, strategic partnerships, and valuation outlook. $FRSPF #BatteryMaterials# #LFP# #EVs# #CriticalMinerals# #Phosphate# #EnergyTransition# #Mining# #NorthAmerica# #SmallCaps# #WaterTowerResearch# @FirstPhosphate

The entire battery materials supply chain has historically come from outside of the U.S. Redwood is changing that. We're building the first complete domestic circular economy for critical minerals to strengthen American energy security. 

Our goal is for no Tesla battery to end up in a landfill. Across our US operations, we’re recovering more than 90% of key battery materials like nickel & cobalt from cells that we recycle More details in our 2025 Impact Report

Tesla just solved one of the hardest problems in the battery supply chains by building the most advanced lithium refineries in North America.....completely changing how battery materials are processed The future of EVs and energy storage depends on one thing most people overlook: Not just mining lithium but refining it cleaner, faster and at massive scale The Gulf Coast Lithium Refinery is designed to produce around 20,000 metric tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide every year.....enough for roughly 30 GWh of battery capacity But the real breakthrough is the refining process itself Tesla’s approach: • World’s first commercial-scale alkaline leach process • Eliminates sulfuric acid from the refining process • Fewer processing steps and lower reagent use • Over 30% lower greenhouse gas emissions compared with traditional hard-rock refining • Around 80% lower total water discharge • Most process water recycled • Byproducts can be repurposed into construction materials This is North America’s first spodumene-to-lithium-hydroxide refinery and a major step toward a domestic battery supply chain Mining lithium is only one part of the challenge The real bottleneck is refining it cleaner, cheaper and at massive scale Tesla is pushing vertical integration deeper....all the way down to the raw materials that go inside its batteries

Tesla has released a new blog post about how they design vehicle battery packs around safety, durability, and longevity. "Tesla takes a layered approach to battery safety. The design objective is that even if an issue occurs in a single cell and results in a thermal reaction, the problem is contained within the battery pack. This principle is called passive propagation resistance, or PPR. In a Tesla battery pack, cells are surrounded by thermal barriers, structurally isolated and cooled so that failure in one cell does not spread to neighboring cells. The goal is simple: one cell failure should never become a catastrophic battery pack failure. We ensure safe performance at three levels: • Cell level: How does a single cell behave when it fails? Does it vent safely, or does it rupture unpredictably? We study many types of cell failures at high speed to understand exactly how they break in various conditions. Then our engineers adjust the cell design so that if it fails, it releases energy in a controlled manner rather than unpredictably. • Module level: If one cell enters a self-sustaining thermal reaction (thermal runaway), can neighboring cells withstand the heat and pressure without joining in? Thermal isolation materials, deliberate spacing and liquid-filled cooling channels are all engineered to absorb and redirect the thermal energy to prevent propagation. • Vehicle level: How does one cell’s thermal runaway interact with the rest of the vehicle? We test PPR under harsh conditions—high temperatures, full state of charge, loss of coolant flow and others—and validate that the system remains self-contained. Car manufacturers are not typically required to perform PPR testing. It has always been a core requirement for our products, and we test voluntarily across many failure modes and environmental conditions before releasing a product. In addition to this passively safe design, we leverage our anonymized vehicle data to learn about rare issues and to develop active diagnostics with over-the-air software updates that make our products safer over time. Our layered approach to safety has demonstrated results: Our latest data shows that vehicle fires are significantly less likely to occur with Tesla vehicles than the average U.S. vehicle. In addition to having a lower rate of vehicle fires from all causes, our vehicles have shown an extremely low risk of battery fires. From over 265 billion miles of operation as of the end of 2025, we have no evidence of even a single case of a spontaneous battery failure leading to a vehicle fire in a Model 3, Model Y, Cybertruck or Semi. Thermal Management for Every Cell Batteries perform best and last longest within a specific temperature range. If they’re too hot, they degrade more quickly. If they’re too cold, they temporarily lose charge capacity. Our thermal management system is designed to keep every cell at the optimal temperature. Liquid cooling and heating channels run through the battery pack, actively managing cell temperatures during charging, discharging and while the car is parked. It is not purely reactive—the system anticipates conditions as well. For example, if you set your destination as a Supercharger stop, the pack will pre-condition itself to the ideal temperature for faster charging before you arrive. Why this matters for longevity: • Cells that spend less time at extreme temperatures degrade more slowly. Our thermal management system directly extends the life of the battery. • Effective temperature control ensures both safety and longevity. A well-managed cell is less likely to enter an unstable state and has less chemical degradation over time. • Consistent temperatures across the pack increase longevity. Since all cells will age at roughly the same rate, this prevents weak links that could limit total pack capacity. Inside Our 4680 Cell In addition to the cells that we purchase from third-party vendors, we also manufacture our own 4680 cells for use in vehicles like Cybertruck and our Berlin-manufactured Model Y. This vertical integration means we control the entire supply chain, from materials selection to cell chemistry, manufacturing process and quality inspection. Materials and Chemistry A battery cell has two major components: the mechanical exterior structure (the can, lid and housing) and the internal electrochemistry. The electrochemistry is what determines how fast the cell charges, how much energy it stores and how long it lasts. Three pieces of this chemistry matter most: • Cathode: This is where the lithium lives when the cell is discharged. We engineer high-nickel layered oxide cathodes (like NMC [nickel, manganese and cobalt]) for high energy density in 4680, and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes in standard-range vehicles for durability and cost in non-4680 cells. The cathode can be coated in protective layers to help resist cracking during charge cycles, like how a protective clear coat on paint helps prevent chipping. • Anode: This is where the lithium goes during charging. The anode's material properties determine how fast the cell can accept a charge and how well it holds a charge over thousands of charge cycles. • Electrolyte: This is the liquid medium that lithium ions travel through between cathode and anode. We directly formulate our own electrolyte recipes, tuning the mix of lithium salts, solvents and additives to balance charging speed, energy capacity and lifespan. A critical factor in cell longevity is the solid electrolyte interphase, or SEI, which is a thin layer that forms on the anode surface. Think of it as the patina that develops on copper: it is a natural byproduct of use, and its quality determines whether the underlying material is protected or slowly consumed. We engineer the electrolyte chemistry and anode material specifically to enable a stable, resilient SEI, which directly extends the cell's useful life and supports fast charging without excessive degradation. Dry Electrode Manufacturing We are the only battery manufacturer using dry electrode technology at scale. Traditional electrode manufacturing uses liquid solvents that must be evaporated and captured in energy-intensive ovens. Dry electrode processing skips this step, making the process cleaner and less energy intensive. It is a meaningful environmental improvement in how the cell itself is made before it ever goes into a car. Inspecting Every Cell for Quality At the scale we manufacture our vehicles, cell defects are statistically inevitable. The goal is not to pretend defects do not exist—it is to catch every single one before it leaves the factory, and to design the battery pack so that even if a defect slips through, it cannot cause harm. Our quality inspection regimen includes: • 100% inspection: Every cell is tested. • Vision systems: Automated cameras inspect cells for visual defects on the production line. • X-ray and CT scanning: X-ray scans are performed on 100% of cells, and CT scanning is performed on a significant fraction of cells to catch internal defects that are invisible from the outside. • AI-based detection: AI-powered vision and anomaly detection systems are being developed to identify subtle patterns that human inspectors and traditional algorithms could miss. These systems allow for the inspection of much larger sets of data and volumes of cells compared to what would be possible with more traditional methods. There is also a deliberate engineering tradeoff in cell size. Larger cells are more efficient to manufacture and pack, but smaller cells reduce the energy released if a single cell fails. Our 4680-cell format strikes a balance—it’s large enough for manufacturing and energy efficiency, but small enough that the safety systems can comfortably handle a single-cell event. Rigorous, Fundamental and Continuous Testing Our testing program for battery materials and cells is built on two principles: • Vertical integration drives testing design. Because we build our own cells for our own packs, we design testing protocols that reflect real-world usage in Tesla vehicles—not generic industry benchmarks. The test regimen is tailored to the actual product. • Testing is rooted in fundamentals. Rather than simply cycling cells until they fail and noting the number, our materials scientists investigate why degradation occurs at the component and material level. When a cathode cracks or an SEI layer grows too thick, we trace it to the root cause and have the expertise to modify the chemistry or redesign it accordingly. This means we run thousands of cycling tests under varied protocols—different charge rates, temperatures and depth-of-discharge patterns—and use the results to forecast long-term performance. It also means that every material change, however small (down to trace-level chemical dopants that prevent cathode cracking), is validated against real degradation data before it enters production. Learning From Every Mile Driven We have a unique advantage that no other startup or traditional automaker can easily replicate: vehicle data telemetry from millions of vehicles on the road. Every Tesla vehicle transmits anonymized, real-time data on battery health, temperature, charge cycles and performance. This data feeds directly back into engineering. When a rare cell anomaly occurs in the field, we can study exactly what happened, correlate it with manufacturing data and refine our designs and quality checks. This closed loop between the road and the factory is one of the most significant advantages we have in battery development. Our batteries last because they are engineered to—from the molecular composition of the electrolyte to the structural design of the pack and the software that manages temperature in real time. They are safe because safety is not an afterthought—it is the foundation the entire system is built on, validated layer by layer, cell by cell, and tested against scenarios that go beyond what regulation demands. We also offer a Battery and Drive Unit Warranty on all new Tesla vehicles for 8 years or 100,000 miles (minimum based on vehicle) with a minimum of 70% battery capacity retention over the warranty period."

Cybertruck keeps becoming even more capable machine Tesla keeps expanding what Cybertruck can actually do The latest updates are actually pretty insane: • Tesla has now built the first Cybertruck using 4680 cells containing lithium from its own Gulf Coast Lithium Refinery in Texas • That brings even more of the battery and vehicle supply chain inside Texas — lithium refining → 4680 cell production → Cybertruck assembly • Cybertruck Powershare can now work together with Powerwall 3 during an outage • A fully charged Cybertruck can provide up to 11.5 kW of home backup power for over 3 days • With the new Powerwall 3 integration, Tesla Cybertruck adds energy equivalent to roughly 9 additional Powerwalls • Powershare Grid Support can also send energy from Cybertruck back to the grid during periods of high demand in supported areas And all of this is being added to a vehicle that already has some pretty wild engineering: 48V architecture, true steer-by-wire, rear-wheel steering, structural stainless-steel exoskeleton, Etherloop gigabit vehicle network, bidirectional power Elon described Cybertruck perfectly: “It is alien technology” A massive stainless-steel machine that can move like a sports car, power your house, support the electrical grid and now uses battery materials refined by Tesla itself Cybertruck keeps becoming a more capable machine

Q1 2026 Shareholder Update We continued to make meaningful progress on the build out of the infrastructure & AI software that underpins our Robotaxi & future robotics businesses in Q1. That meant commencing the ramp of new factories across AI compute, battery & battery materials, as well as preparing lines for start of production of Megapack 3, Cybercab & Tesla Semi. Demand for our vehicles continued to grow in APAC & South America markets, with a rebound of demand in EMEA markets & North America. As trade and geopolitics become more uncertain, we're further regionalizing and vertically integrating critical supply chains to ensure access to key materials & componentry in each region across vehicle, energy & AI. Automotive – Optimizing our vehicle product portfolio with an emphasis on vehicles designed for a fully autonomous future – More affordable trims of Model 3/Y & rollout of Model Y L in markets outside of China – Began deliveries of Cybertruck in the UAE – Volume production of Cybercab & Tesla Semi this year Energy Generation & Storage – Good progress with new Megafactory outside Houston (will produce Megapack 3 for Megablock). Start of production on track for later this year – We began meaningful customer deployments of Tesla’s first in-house designed solar panel produced at Giga New York Robotics – Preparations for our first large-scale Optimus factory will begin shortly in Q2. First-gen line designed for 1M robots/year will replace Model S/X lines in Fremont Factory, second-gen line is being prepared at Giga Texas (long-term annual capacity of 10M robots/year) AI Training Compute – Cortex 2 is now online & has started running training workloads – Also ramping on-site training infrastructure to ensure sufficient compute resources for AI products & services – Continuing with custom silicon development (Dojo 3) to reduce training cost over time Battery – Ramping new battery & material factories, including LFP cells in Nevada, cathode material & lithium refining in Texas – Battery vendor cell availability continues to be a limiting factor on ramping vehicle production, so we're working on initiatives to de-bottleneck, including using 4680 cells at Giga Berlin Other Supporting Infrastructure – Giga New York is now producing V4 Supercharging cabinets (3x power density & 2x the number of stalls vs V3) – Alongside the ramp of Tesla Semi, we're deploying public Megachargers, including our first one in SoCal – Over 2,200 new Supercharger stalls, growing the network 19% YoY AI Software – FSD 14.3 launched in April – Upgraded Reinforcement Learning (RL) stage to better handle long-tail edge cases, enhanced the neural network vision encoder for sharper perception in low-vis scenarios & rewrote the AI compiler to accelerate model iterations & cut inference latency by 20% (faster reaction time for FSD!) This accelerates our efforts to eventually deploy unsupervised autonomy to both the Robotaxi fleet & customer owned vehicles – Digital Optimus: our next evolution of AI development. We're working on automating digital workloads, building an intelligence layer that will complement real-world AI in vehicles & robots AI Inference Compute – Expanding our scope of manufacturing to include semiconductor fabrication (coinciding with Robotaxi & Optimus ramps) = step towards ensuring sufficient & resilient chip supply – Partnership with SpaceX aims to build the largest chip fab ever, vertically integrating logic, memory & advanced packaging to allow for rapid iteration – Completed final chip design of AI5 (our next-gen inference processor) in April Automotive & Other Software – Rolled out Spring Update which includes a new Self-Driving app with tutorials & stats, "Hey Grok" wake word w/ location-based reminders, accent lights for blind spot alerts, updated Pet Mode & more Robotaxi – Paid Robotaxi miles doubled sequentially in Q1 – Cybercab will begin replacing Model Y fleet once in production & be the largest volume vehicle in the fleet over time – Continuing to lay the groundwork for expanding into new cities (testing, permitting), so we can launch quickly once ready. Safety remains top priority – Expanded unsupervised ops in Austin & launched in Dallas & Houston in April FSD Supervised – Record net new FSD subscriptions in Q1 – Received approval to deploy FSD Supervised in the Netherlands in April, clearing the path for potential approval in other EU countries – Continuing to make progress on approval in China Automotive Services – Safety Score v3.0 enables every mile driven with FSD Supervised engaged to receive a score of 100. Higher Safety Score over time = lower premiums for Tesla Insurance customers

Q2 2025 was a seminal point in Tesla’s history: the beginning of our transition from leading the electric vehicle and renewable energy industries to also becoming a leader in AI, robotics & related services (hi @robotaxi) We officially launched our Robotaxi service in Austin in June, with our camera-only architecture with neural networks trained on data from our global fleet of millions of vehicles. Q2 Highlights North America – Test drives in North America are up 20% sequentially (as you know, butts in seats ...) – Model Y is becoming more accessible with the recent launch of Model Y RWD, which starts at under $45k with 357 miles of range APAC – We achieved record delivery volumes in South Korea 🇰🇷 (@Tesla_Korea), Malaysia 🇲🇾, the Philippines 🇵🇭 & Singapore 🇸🇬 – In July, we launched the Model Y in India 🇮🇳, marking our entry into the world’s third-largest car market @Tesla_India – New Model 3 earned a 5-star Overall Safety Rating from ANCAP, achieving 95% in the Child Occupant Protection pillar – the highest result recorded to date against ANCAP’s 2023-2025 criteria – We continue to prepare for broader release of FSD Supervised in China 🇨🇳 this year (pending regulatory approval) EMEA – Model Y was the best-selling vehicle in Norway 🇳🇴 year-to-date & in Türkiye🇹🇷 , the Netherlands 🇳🇱, Switzerland 🇨🇭 & Austria 🇦🇹 in June – New Model 3 achieved a 5-star Overall Safety Rating from EuroNCAP & is the safest car in Europe (based on the latest EuroNCAP test scores) – We continue to prepare for the launch of FSD Supervised in Europe this year (pending regulatory approval) AI Software & Hardware @Tesla_AI – World's first autonomous delivery to a customer with a new production Model Y driving itself ~30 minutes from the factory across town to its new owner's home, including on highways – We expanded AI training compute with an additional 16k H200 GPUs at Gigafactory Texas, bringing Cortex to a total of 67k H100 equivalents Battery, Powertrain & Manufacturing – Our lithium refining & cathode production plants remain on track to begin production in 2025, on-shoring production of critical battery materials to the US – We are on course to begin domestic production of our first LFP cells for our energy storage products later this year Energy generation & storage – Record Powerwall deployments for the fifth consecutive quarter – Gross profit increased sequentially & year-over-year, reaching a record of $846 million – We started deploying @Tesla_Megapack from Megafactory Shanghai as the ramp continues as planned Services & other – We added over 2,900 net new Supercharging stalls, growing the network 18% year-over-year @TeslaCharging 🔋