Since introducing Empirical Research Assistance last fall, Google Research scientists have been using it to address real-world applications in epidemiology, cosmology, atmospheric monitoring, and neuroscience, providing a hint of AI’s transformational capabilities to accelerate scientific discoveries. Learn more →

Einstein’s field equations (with cosmological constant) in fully expanded form. Gμν + Λgμν = 8πG/c⁴ Tμν The large panel below shows the complete coordinate expansion of the Einstein tensor Gμν expressed entirely in terms of the metric tensor gαβ and its first- and second-order partial derivatives - the explicit differential equations at the heart of general relativity.

The man who literally rebuilt modern mathematics from the ground up: Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014). He invented schemes, toposes, and étale cohomology, turning algebraic geometry into the most powerful language in all of math. What Hilbert started, Grothendieck finished. The most influential mathematician of the 20th century.