The non-English tax is real.
Sutton's Bitter Lesson, translated across languages and normalized to OpenAI English token count:
Hindi: OpenAI 1.37×, Anthropic 3.24×
Arabic: OpenAI 1.31×, Anthropic 2.86×
Chinese: OpenAI 1.15×, Anthropic 1.71×
Claude’s tokenizer charges a much higher linguistic tax.