Antarctica was once known as “Australia” before the name was adopted by the continent we know today. In 1824, Australia became the official name for the southern landmass, leaving Antarctica without a widely accepted name until it gained its current title in the late 1800s. For centuries, European geographers believed in the existence of a massive, unknown southern continent called Terra Australis Incognita (“Unknown Southern Land”), which was often shortened to “Australia.” However, the name originally referred to a theoretical landmass rather than the continent we know today. After explorer Matthew Flinders argued that the region then called New Holland should be named Australia, the British Admiralty officially adopted the name in 1824. This left the newly recognized southern polar continent without a widely accepted name for several decades until “Antarctica,” derived from the Greek antarktikos meaning “opposite the Arctic,” became the standard name in the 1890s.