Those interested in ideology-soup that inspired Delhi Sultanates and Mughals should study Mi'ragnama. This Afghan text is from where Timur and later tyrants planned, prepared India's invasion. It is a 15th century pictured moral map. The Prophet rides. Gabriel names. 1⃣On women I will not repeat what @TrueIndology notes on punished women who are hanged by hair or tongue or breasts; there is more... – in another painting women lie bound. Snakes, scorpions strike them. Because they skipped immediate bath after each time they had sex, or detected menses; per Sharia, sex & menses is dirty, requires ritual cleaning. Message: punishment in hell for ritually unclean women. – Rewards for "good" girls in paradise are far fewer in these paintings than punishment in hell for "bad" girls; a few show "good" girls pick flowers, ask the Prophet for a good husband. 2⃣On men Men are punished in hell too. For wine, usury, false learning, etc. Non-Muslims, half-converted and others are punished too. Hell is for enemies of the Ummah, fake piety, apostates, anyone who mocks Muslims.... in these Mi'ragnama paintings. 3⃣On conquests and conversion Conversion is built into the Mi'ragnama theme. It is the primary and the noble motivator. 4⃣Links to Babur, Mughals Babur (b. 1483) was a Timurid, he inherited these ideals. – Some of the same ideas appear in Baburnama in Türki, the language the 1436 court and Mi'ragnama. – Babur carried this Timurid imperial culture and ideology into Hindustan – Mughal miniature paintings copy the Mi'ragnama style and Herat workshop; the approved ideology thrived in art, while ideas considered "wrong" mostly censored or mocked. The 15th-century Mi'ragnama remembers Muhammad, as the witness of the Fire. Women are not presented in this Turki text as liberated, instead it reminds its readers of the severe punishments that await women in hell if they do not submit or follow correct behavior. Further Reading: 1. Christiane J. Gruber, The Timurid Book of Ascension (Mi‘rajnama): A Study of Text and Image in a Pan-Asian Context 2. Abel Pavet de Courteille, Mirâdj-nâmeh: récit de l’ascension de Mahomet au ciel 3. Marie-Rose Séguy, The Miraculous Journey of Mahomet: Mirâj Nâmeh