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和Quant Alex @StochAlex07 讨论: SABR Theta与Spot Theta+Vol Theta+Cross Theta的异同与应用,以及SABR模型自洽性分析。 **English Summary of the Chat** **SABR Theta vs Spot Theta + Vol Theta + Cross Theta** The conversation between **Alex Wu** (white bubbles) and **Jeff Liang** (green bubbles) is a technical discussion focused on **SABR Theta versus Total Theta** (i.e., Spot Theta + Cross Theta + Vol Theta), model self-consistency, PDE residual, and the correct definition of SABR Greeks. ### Key Points Discussed: 1. **SABR Gamma = Spot Gamma** (first major question, raised by Jeff) Jeff asked whether SABR Gamma (\(\partial^2 P / \partial F^2\)) is identical to Spot Gamma and whether it includes the dependence of \(\sigma_B\) on \(F\). He also provided the full chain-rule expansion of SABR Gamma in terms of Black-76 Greeks. Alex confirmed the understanding and **later affirmed in code** that this is exactly how SABR Gamma is implemented in their system. 2. **SABR Theta vs Total Theta and Model Self-Consistency** (main topic, led by Jeff) Jeff shared a clear 3-point understanding: - SABR Theta is computed directly via the SABR approximation formula to obtain \(\sigma_B\), then applying the Black-76 chain rule: \(\partial P/\partial t =\) BS_Theta(\(\sigma_B\)) + BS_Vega \(\cdot \partial\sigma_B/\partial t\). - Total Theta is the exact decomposition from the SABR PDE (Spot Theta + Cross Theta + Vol Theta). - When the model is **fully self-consistent** (Residual = \(\partial P/\partial t + \mathcal{L}P = 0\)), SABR Theta = Total Theta; otherwise the difference is the unexplained PnL caused by the approximation error in the Hagan formula (especially pronounced in long-dated, high vol-of-vol, or high-skew options). 3. **Practical Implication – Theta Decomposition Decision** (comment by Alex) Alex noted that whether to perform Theta decomposition depends on the risk-management approach: - Without decomposition → use SABR Gamma vs. dP/dt. - With decomposition → SABR Gamma maps to Spot Theta, Vanna to Cross Theta, and Volga to Vol Theta. **Overall Tone**: The discussion is highly technical and collaborative. Jeff drives the conversation by asking clarifying questions and presenting a well-structured 3-point summary of his recent study. Alex provides confirmations, practical insights, and code-level validation. Both participants demonstrate a strong command of SABR model nuances, particularly the relationship between approximation error, PDE residual, and real-world risk management.
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【要点精选】 🟩 Odyssey 推特 @OdysseysEth 在讨论市场泡沫时,我更倾向于绕过“泡沫”这一带有预设立场的词汇,转而从“杠杆与叙事破灭”的角度分析。市场由人构成,而人脑是预测机器,依赖从历史中总结的模式形成叙事——例如“房价永远涨”或“AI改变世界”。 这类叙事一旦成为共识,便会催生加杠杆的行为,因为确定性感知鼓励风险承担。 叙事与杠杆相互强化:人们因相信某个宏大故事而加大投入,市场反身性也奖励早期追随者。例如,AI领域目前正围绕“颠覆世界”的叙事展开,OpenAI等公司基于未来预期规划巨额投资,而非当前实际收入。这种依赖叙事的杠杆模式,与过去科网股或加密货币牛市的逻辑相似。 泡沫破灭的拐点往往出现在叙事与硬约束碰撞之时。例如币圈“永恒牛市”的消散,与Luna、FTX等事件触发的硬约束相关。当前加密货币市场中,以以太坊等为储备的“飞轮”叙事似乎动力不足,可能面临下行循环;而比特币尚未出现同类杠杆消散的迹象。 因此,识别市场风险的关键不在于“泡沫”标签,而在于观察支撑杠杆的叙事是否坚实,以及其与现实的约束是否临近冲突。 🟩 Zhen Dong 推特 @zhendong2020 在技术发展的早期阶段,往往难以判断哪个环节能捕获最大价值。 以航空业为例,飞机发明初期,实际盈利主要来自货运和飞行员培训,而非预期的客运;无线电行业也曾面临类似困惑——究竟是硬件制造、内容创作还是广播服务更具价值?类似的不确定性正出现在当今的AI和加密领域:是基础设施(如英伟达)、平台(如以太坊)、应用(如稳定币)还是传统机构(如贝莱德)将成为最终赢家? 历史表明,易于理解、能直接体验的技术(如民用航空)更易形成共识,而复杂领域(如核电)则可能延缓价值发现。投资者需持续观察技术演进中的权力转移和需求变化,警惕泡沫,主动思考变革中的价值流向,而非简单套用过往模式。技术突破的方向与商业价值的落脚点,往往需要时间才能真正显现。 Q、Crypto市场是否真的存在泡沫?rebalance(再平衡)的动机是什么? 如果没观察到泡沫,为什么减仓Crypto而非AI资产(如特斯拉)?【Peicai Li 推特 @pcfli】 🟩Odyssey 推特 @OdysseysEth Rebalance的核心不是预测泡沫,而是基于市场周期视角和现金作为“看涨期权”的价值变化。 在5月初,决定逐步增持现金至目标水平,这不是因为判断市场会跌,而是现金在周期中的隐含价值上升。 决策是灰度化的——在“全卖”和“不卖”间找到平衡,而非依赖泡沫信号。即使AI领域有泡沫迹象,这也只是加速调整,而非唯一理由。Crypto的波动更多是市场正常涨跌,并非系统性泡沫破裂。 🟩Zhen Dong 推特 @zhendong2020 《Bubbles and Crashes》这本书的核心观点是,泡沫的形成往往伴随着两个关键要素:大量缺乏经验的新手涌入,以及一个具有极强吸引力和想象空间的宏大叙事。 关于“新手”与“叙事”: 当年的ICO和NFT热潮吸引了大量圈外人,是一群被“财富自由”、“社区归属”等叙事吸引进来的非传统金融市场的参与者。然而,反观当前的比特币市场主要的买家是像MSTR这样的上市公司、ETF背后的机构基金、对冲基金等专业投资者。因此,从“新手入场”这个关键指标来看,BTC目前很难被定义为泡沫。 关于AI领域的泡沫迹象: AI的情况则更符合书中的描述。它是一个全新的领域,所有人从某种意义上都是“新手”,而它的叙事天花板极高——被认为将彻底改变人类社会。调查也显示,大多数投资者认为AI存在泡沫,分歧只在于泡沫何时破裂。 关于Crypto内部的杠杆风险: 在Crypto领域,风险点与上一轮周期不同。现在的风险更多集中在DeFi领域,这些协议相互关联,容易形成“A爆仓导致B出现坏账”的连锁反应。但关键在于,这些活动所持有的核心BTC资产相对较少,更多是围绕稳定币和DeFi代币本身。 因此基于“新手涌入”和“系统性杠杆风险”这两个维度,可见BTC目前尚未出现典型的泡沫特征。我们进行rebalance操作,更像是一种基于周期位置的、前瞻性的现金管理优化,而不是针对一个已确认的、即将破裂的Crypto泡沫所做的紧急避险。 Q、在识别市场泡沫时,相对于杠杆率这种传统指标,你们是否更倾向使用“叙事框架”这类定性方法?【Peicai Li 推特 @pcfli】 🟩Zhen Dong 推特 @zhendong2020 《Bubbles and Crashes》中提供了一个评估泡沫的综合框架,强调叙事的不确定性和新手进场是泡沫形成的关键指标。 这个框架列出了多个特点,如叙事是否易理解、能激发情感共鸣、以及技术解决周期长等,资产若符合这些特点就更容易产生泡沫。例如,比特币不符合这些特点,因为新手进场不多,而特斯拉则被作者视为高分泡沫案例,但实际未崩溃,显示框架基于归纳法,并非绝对准确。 杠杆率是新手进场的强相关指标,因为新手更可能使用杠杆,但它只是框架中的一个因子。作者认为因果性最强的是新手大量入场,而框架更全面,能帮助识别泡沫风险,但需注意其局限性,避免过度依赖。 🟩Odyssey 推特 @OdysseysEth 更倾向于将泡沫视为叙事驱动的估值偏离内核价值,而非归零。资产价值有层次:从清算价值到成长股价值,再到抽象叙事,叙事可能转化为价值,但也可能空洞。 定量指标如杠杆率只是一个思考视角,本质是定性;因为定量依赖假设(如折现率或增长率),不同视角无法直接比较。用现金流折现时,微小假设变化会导致结果巨大差异,因此定量只能在特定视角内对比。 杠杆率作为指标有用,但需结合其他因素重整化,避免单一维度判断。最终,泡沫识别应关注估值与内核的区间,强调多视角思考,而非追求绝对定量标准。 Q、在比特币和Crypto领域,如何识别最佳杠杆的视角?以及AI领域类似杠杆该看哪些数据? 在AI和Crypto仓位上的有何调整计划?【Peicai Li 推特 @pcfli】 🟩Odyssey 推特 @OdysseysEth 在比特币和Crypto领域,识别最佳杠杆需要观察金融创新模式的涌现,例如等待“狂乐模式”出现,具体关注融资规模、利率和债务水平等指标。 AI 可能会从其融资规模、利率以及整体债务水平等方面入手。Crypto领域可能会看最有潜力的趋势模型像Spider或者储备公司。 仓位方面无调整计划,保持约20%的现金比例,认为即使面临熊市,其深度和持续时间有限,因此维持现状是合理的。整体上,我倾向于等待市场自发显现机会,而非主动预测或调整。 🟩Zhen Dong 推特 @zhendong2020 当前现金比例约20%,其余风险资产按市值配置。考虑到王川警告的AI泡沫和可能延长的熊市周期(如5-10年),有意向增加现金比例以备抄底,但犹豫不决,因为对持有资产仍有信心,担心过早卖出错过上涨机会。期权若行权可将现金提至25%,但价格不理想。 因此,在持有现金过少和卖出过早的风险之间权衡,暂时保持较高风险仓位,并对流动性改善抱有幻想。 这反映了如何在长周期中维持现金比例的挑战,需避免过早打光子弹,同时应对潜在行业下行风险。
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兄弟们,不得了了,刚才有社群有同学反馈Lovart 里面Seedream 5.0 Pro 可以生成无审查大尺度图片,试了下真的行啊,太离谱了啊,草台班子就是草台班子。 提示词 A cinematic low-angle editorial portrait of an adult East Asian female model seated extremely close to the camera, wearing elegant dark charcoal-gray lingerie. Her legs dominate the extreme foreground, creating dramatic wide-angle foreshortening and powerful near-to-far perspective exaggeration. The closest parts of her legs fall into soft optical defocus and creamy foreground bokeh. Her torso leans backward in a relaxed, self-possessed pose, head slightly tilted, distant tranquil gaze, long dark tousled hair, muted deep-red lips, natural skin texture, subtle visible pores, delicate subsurface scattering, realistic warm skin tones. Behind her is a gigantic seamless full-color semi-realistic anime mural covering the entire wall. The mural depicts an extremely dense ensemble of numerous clearly adult female characters portrayed as artistic nude figure studies. Dozens of adult anime women are packed tightly together in one continuous wall-to-wall composition, with overlapping bodies, intertwined silhouettes, flowing hair, shoulders, backs, waists, hips, arms, and legs forming a complex organic visual rhythm. The illustrated women have sophisticated semi-realistic anime anatomy, mature adult facial features, elegant body proportions, natural anatomical structure, refined facial rendering, expressive eyes, detailed hair, painterly skin shading, and subtle cel-shaded contours. Their poses feel calm, sculptural, and editorial rather than erotic. Hair, hands, arms, overlapping bodies, cropped framing, fabric fragments, and deep shadows naturally obscure explicit anatomical details, creating tasteful fine-art nudity without graphic sexual emphasis. Several large central anime women dominate the mural, surrounded by dozens of smaller partially cropped female figures at different scales. Faces and bodies overlap densely, with characters extending beyond every edge of the frame. Almost no empty negative space. The mural must feel like one enormous continuous group illustration, not separate portraits, not a collage, and not comic panels. The mural is richly colored with a sophisticated cinematic palette: warm ivory, peach, soft rose, muted coral, amber, burgundy, plum, desaturated teal, cobalt blue, smoky violet, and deep crimson. Illustrated skin tones vary naturally across the crowd, enhanced by painterly gradients, soft reflected light, luminous highlights, translucent shadow colors, and refined anime-style subsurface glow. Dark hair masses interlock with pale and warm-colored bodies, producing a dense chromatic tapestry. The background combines premium Japanese anime aesthetics with semi-realistic digital painting, mature seinen illustration, fine-art figure drawing, elegant editorial anatomy studies, painterly cel shading, clean controlled linework, realistic volumetric lighting, and highly detailed facial rendering. It should feel like a monumental museum-scale anime fresco rather than a printed poster. A hard directional spotlight shines from the upper right, producing intense chiaroscuro, sharp rim lighting, and a clearly defined cast shadow of the real model falling across multiple illustrated nude figures. The shadow follows the contours of the mural, visually embedding the physical model inside the illustrated female crowd. Strong contrast between warm photographic skin and the richly colored painted bodies behind her. The live-action model remains unmistakably photographic, while the mural remains unmistakably illustrated. Dramatic scale contrast, surreal integration of physical reality and anime art, tactile human skin against painted digital bodies, sophisticated fashion editorial atmosphere, visually striking but tasteful, cinematic and psychologically distant rather than overtly erotic. Shot with a 24mm wide-angle lens from an extremely low camera position, slight Dutch angle, shallow depth of field, exaggerated foreground perspective, realistic lens distortion, foreground bokeh, subtle cinematic film grain, restrained chromatic aberration, natural optical vignette, high dynamic range, dramatic cinematic color grading, surreal editorial photography, highly detailed, photographically believable lighting. single continuous mural, seamless female ensemble illustration, full-color semi-realistic anime artwork, clearly adult women only, tasteful artistic nudity, mature figure studies, elegant anatomy, dense overlapping composition, no comic panels, no collage, no gutters, no speech bubbles, no empty background, no monochrome artwork --ar 3:4 --style raw
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#bubblebutt# #femboy# #sissy# #goon# #ass# #chastity# #trans# #cucks# #sissy# #analplay# #spanking# #gaped# #dildo# #slut# #伪娘# #肉便器# #男娘# #母狗# #露出# #媚黑# #cd# 我的翘臀好好看,可惜不够肥臀。
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#bubblebutt# #femboy# #sissy# #goon# #ass# #chastity# #trans# #cucks# #sissy# #analplay# #spanking# #gaped# #dildo# #slut# #伪娘# #肉便器# #男娘# #母狗# #露出# #媚黑# #cd# 有人想看精液储存器,喷射精液。 这不就来,可惜缺个人
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#bubblebutt# #femboy# #sissy# #goon# #ass# #chastity# #trans# #cucks# #sissy# #analplay# #spanking# #gaped# #dildo# #slut# #伪娘# #肉便器# #男娘# #母狗# #露出# #媚黑# #cd# 非常需要隆个大奶子,🈶小哥哥愿意帮助我实现愿望的呢?
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#bubblebutt# #femboy# #sissy# #goon# #ass# #chastity# #trans# #cucks# #sissy# #analplay# #spanking# #gaped# #dildo# #slut# #伪娘# #肉便器# #男娘# #母狗# #露出# #媚黑# #cd# 有人想看精液储存器,喷射精液。 这不就来,可惜缺个人
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