Today, I hosted a CPO seminar for optical experts. I spoke for about 90 minutes on why CPO is needed, how the market currently views it, the key technical bottlenecks, and what the future roadmap may look like. We also had many meaningful discussions. Some of the most interesting points from today were: 1. As we move toward CPO, test complexity will inevitably increase dramatically, and Burn In testing will become increasingly important. 2. Packaging appears to be one of the biggest challenges, from EIC and PIC stacking to thermal management and hybrid bonding. 3. For high power CW lasers, solving cooling and optical loss issues (e.g., grating couplers) inside the PIC Many participants were working mainly at the optical device level, so throughout the seminar, the recurring reaction was, “CPO is really not easy.” But we ended with the same conclusion, We will find the answer. It was a very fun and meaningful session. The seminar was based on the free articles below. If you want to understand the full context, I highly recommend reading them. I converted these articles from paid to free because I want more people to build a deeper understanding of CPO. I hope many of you find them helpful.😍