W = Fd. Every supply chain of physical products falls under this constraint in a world where human labor becomes a rounding error in the cost equation. To optimize the equation for energy cost, mass and distance must be minimized. To minimize mass, we must innovate in material, tooling, and product design. To minimize distance, we must digitize materials markets such that spreads are compressed and redundant processing/logistics are eliminated. This digitization of material market is inevitable. Humans will compete for resources. Capitalism will expand the agency humans have over materials and machines. Global physical materials has roughly $100T of transaction flow each year globally and that’s in the pre-AI, pre- energy abundance era. Whatever multiplier you want to apply, then financialize the newly standardized markets, and now add a zero.