FWIW I think @tszzl is wrong here, and it’s strategically important to explicitly divorce the idea of pacing the frontier from restricting open source. The top priority for pacing should be alignment, and open models will be able to leverage the same alignment techniques as closed ones once they catch up to any given capability level. So long as the frontier closed models are paced at the speed of alignment/control progress, and get used widely for hardening/remediation before OS agents at each capability level proliferate across the web, ensuring a continued lagging edge OS ecosystem is plausibly net-positive even beyond Astra level. Politically, I think it’s crucial we narrowly focus pacing on “alignment at the frontier” rather than “misuse restriction”, because frontier alignment covers the most acute LoC risks while costing relatively few parties, and the alternative (misuse restriction) involves costs for many more parties to the point it risks pacing becoming politically intractable.