One thing that can help is to embrace open source: https://t.co/nXE7DtRZ77 It's natural to fear technology if it's an inscrutable thing made by Other People that you're supposed to just trust, and you can't participate except as an end consumer. Technology needs to be something that people everywhere can go and inspect and modify to suit their needs, and feel like it's theirs. The intellectual requirements of doing this are of course far higher than 100 years ago, but on the flip side we have AI to help.

Tornado Cash (@TornadoCash) is a decentralized privacy protocol using zero-knowledge proofs to break the onchain link between sender and receiver. It is designed to provide privacy on a public blockchain. Ethereum is for privacy.

Why we should support it only if it's open source: A delightful new piece by @VitalikButerin (co-founder of Ethereum). https://t.co/EViHhiCXmS Full disclosure - Vitalik is a major supporter of Openwater - a fully open source medical device company with the makings of universal treatments for many cancers, mental diseases, neuro degenerative diseases, and infectious diseases from a single device.

Doom Debate with @VitalikButerin has dropped: Will “d/acc” Protect Humanity from Superintelligent AI? Vitalik is both a hardcore techno-optimist and builder, and someone willing to seriously consider AI regulation and coordination mechanisms. He coined the term "d/acc'" – defensive, decentralized acceleration – as a middle path between uncritical AI acceleration and total pause scenarios. We debate the tractability of AI alignment, whether approaches like d/acc would actually work when superintelligence arrives, and why he thinks a pluralistic world of competing AIs might be safer than a single aligned superintelligence. The crux of our disagreement is that I think we're heading for a "plants vs. animals" scenario where AI will simply operate on timescales we can't match, while Vitalik believes we can maintain agency through the right combination of defensive technologies and institutional design. Finally, we tackle the discourse itself – I ask Vitalik to debunk the common ad hominem attacks against AI doomers, from "it's just a fringe position" to "no real builders believe in doom." His responses carry weight given his credibility as both a successful entrepreneur and someone who's maintained intellectual honesty throughout his career. Big thanks to Vitalik for a good-faith debate!

A good book, worth reading to understand the basic case for why many people, even those who are generally very enthusiastic about speeding up technological progress, consider superintelligent AI uniquely risky

Amazing to see so many major L2s now at stage 1. The next goal we should shoot for is, in my view, fast (<1h) withdrawal times, enabled by validity (aka ZK) proof systems. I consider this even more important than stage 2. Fast withdrawal times are important because waiting a week to withdraw is simply far too long for people, and even for intent-based bridging (eg. ERC-7683), the cost of capital becomes too high if the liquidity provider has to wait a week. This creates large incentives to instead use solutions with unacceptable trust assumptions (eg. multisigs/MPC) that undermine the whole point of having L2s instead of fully independent L1s. If we can reduce native withdrawal times to under 1h short term, and 12s medium term, then we can further cement the Ethereum L1 as the default place to issue assets, and the economic center of the Ethereum ecosystem. To do this, we need to move away from optimistic proof systems, which inherently require waiting multiple days to withdraw. Historically, ZK proof tech has been immature and expensive, which made optimistic proofs the smart and safe choice. But recently, this is changing rapidly. https://t.co/MRqAcqiGre is an excellent place to track the progress of ZK-EVM proofs, which have been improving rapidly. Formal verification on ZK proofs is also advancing. Earlier this year, I proposed a 2-of-3 ZK + OP + TEE proof system strategy that threads the needle between security, speed and maturity: https://t.co/Z5N81HiiNi * 2 of 3 systems (ZK, OP) are trustless, so no single actor (incl TEE manufacturer or side channel attacker) can break the proof system by violating a trust assumption * 2 of 3 systems (ZK, TEE) are instant, so you get fast withdrawals in the normal case * 2 of 3 systems (TEE, OP) have been in production in various contexts for years This is one approach; perhaps people will opt to instead do ZK + ZK + OP tiebreak, or ZK + ZK + security council tiebreak. I have no strong opinions here, I care about the underlying goal, which is to be fast (in the normal case) and secure. With such proof systems, the only remaining bottleneck to fast settlement becomes the gas cost of submitting proofs onchain. This is why short term I say once per hour: if you try to submit a 500k+ gas ZK proof (or a 5m gas STARK) much more often, it adds a high additional cost. In the longer term, we can solve this with aggregation: N proofs from N rollups (plus txs from privacy-protocol users) can be replaced by a single proof that proves the validity of the N proofs. This becomes economical to submit once per slot, enabling the endgame: near-instant native cross-L2 asset movement through the L1. Let's work together to make this happen.

🤖 New EIP: 0000 By: - Anders Elowsson (@anderselowsson) -Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin) 🔗 https://t.co/gctv1ernP8 EIP-0000 proposes a unified multidimensional fee market for Ethereum transactions, allowing users to specify a single aggregate `max_fee` for multiple resources. This aims to enhance capital efficiency by treating the `max_fee` as fungible across different resource types, thereby simplifying user experience and improving economic efficiency. The proposal also seeks to unify existing fee mechanisms and facilitate future expansions into additional resources.

Yesterday Ethereum turned 10. Today, lean Ethereum is unveiled as a vision—and personal mission—for the next 10 years. We stand at the dawn of a new era. Millions of TPS. Quantum adversaries. How does Ethereum marry extreme performance with uncompromising security and decentralization? TLDR: next-generation cryptography is central to winning both offense and defense. Disclaimer: This is a Drake take™ aimed at a broad audience. A technical deep dive into hash-based post-quantum signatures and SNARKs will follow. A healthy diversity of views across Protocol, the EF, and the broader Ethereum community is expected and welcome. It strengthens us. defense—fort mode Ethereum is special. 100% uptime since genesis. Unrivaled client diversity. $130B in economic security (35.7M ETH staked × $3.7K)—maybe soon $1T. Ethereum is poised to become the bedrock of the internet of value, securing hundreds of trillions over decades, even centuries. Ethereum must survive anything: nation states, quantum computers. Whatever comes. Call it fort mode. If the internet is up, Ethereum is up. If the world is online, the world is onchain. offense—beast mode Ethereum is hungry. “Scale L1, scale blobs” is a strategic urgency inside the EF’s Protocol cluster. Expect low-hanging performance gains over the next 6–12 months. Longer term? Think gigagas L1, teragas L2. Call it beast mode. → 1 gigagas/sec on L1: 10K TPS, ambitious vertical scale → 1 teragas/sec on L2: 1M TPS, sprawling horizontal scale Scale vs decentralization? Why not both. The moon math we need is now tamed: → real-time zkVMs for lean execution → data availability sampling (DAS) for lean data A delicious cherry on top: full chain verification across every browser, wallet, phone. lean upgrades Lean Ethereum proposes bold upgrades across all three L1 sublayers: → lean consensus is beacon chain 2.0: hardened for ultimate security and decentralization, plus finality in seconds; formerly branded as “beam chain” → lean data is blobs 2.0: post-quantum blobs, plus granular blob sizing for a calldata-like developer experience → lean execution is EVM 2.0: a minimal, SNARK-friendly instruction set (possibly RISC-V; pronounced “risk five”), boosting performance while preserving EVM compatibility and its network effects The consensus layer (CL), data layer (DL), execution layer (EL) have each been reimagined from first principles. Together, they unlock fort mode and beast mode. The goal: performance abundance under the constraint of non-negotiable continuity, maximum hardness, and refreshing simplicity. lean cryptography Hash-based cryptography is emerging as the ideal foundation for lean Ethereum. It offers a compelling, unified answer to two megatrends reshaping the ecosystem: → the explosive rise of SNARKs → the looming quantum threat Imagine the leanest cryptographic brick—the hash function—singlehandedly powering L1: → CL: hash-based aggregate signatures upgrade BLS signatures → DL: hash-based DAS commitments upgrade KZG commitments → EL: hash-based real-time zkVMs upgrade EVM re-execution A cryptographic jewel in each of lean CL, lean DL, lean EL. lean craft Lean Ethereum is more than a blueprint for hardening and scaling Ethereum. More than just doubling down on security, decentralisation, and cutting-edge cryptography. It is an aesthetic. An art form. A craft. Think Jiro in Dreams of Sushi. When we can go the extra mile, we do. Minimalism. Modularity. Encapsulated complexity. Formal verification. Provable security. Provable optimality. These are subtle yet important technical considerations. Stay tuned for the post on post-quantum cryptography that will make them explicit. lean legacy After 10 fantastic years, lean Ethereum is a generational oath. To keep Ethereum online no matter what. To scale it without compromise. To make it worthy of those who come next. This is about legacy. We are builders, we are missionaries. We are Ethereum. I hope you join us.

Ethereum turns 10 today 🎉 Born from Canadian Vitalik Buterin’s 2013 whitepaper, Ethereum launched on July 30, 2015 and reshaped the internet. Smart contracts, DeFi, DAOs, tokenized assets...Ethereum laid the foundation for the future of Web3. Happy Birthday, ETH! 🎂🥳 #ETH10# https://t.co/yCpnzJ8zCw