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Now that GPT-6 Astra is finally out, OpenAI is now internally testing GPT-6 Sol Outputs are ofc noticeably worse than Astra in general, from testing. However it's fast and seems to also be a monster model It made this in zero-shot, 15 minutes and 60k total tokens on Max effort

Altiero Spinelli – The Man Who Designed the EU in Prison. Not a metaphor. Literally. The blueprint for the European Union — its founding logic, its institutional architecture, its explicit goal of dissolving national sovereignty permanently — was written in 1941, on a tiny island off the coast of Naples, where Mussolini had imprisoned him. The Ventotene Manifesto. Still cited. Still operative. Still running. 1. Spinelli had been a communist since seventeen – and was eventually expelled from the Communist Party for left-wing deviation. Too radical for the communists. Which tells you something about the man. In his prison years he reached the conclusion that the nation-state was the root cause of war, fascism, and every political catastrophe of the century. It had to go. Not reformed. Not constrained. Abolished – permanently, irreversibly, through the construction of a supranational federal authority with supreme power over member states. 2. The Ventotene Manifesto was written in 1941 on paper smuggled into the prison in cigarette packets. Its argument was simple and total: nation-states must be replaced by a federal European government. The economic integration would come first – because economic interdependence would make political separation prohibitively costly. Then the institutions. Then the law. Then the currency. Each step irreversible by design. The nation-state dissolved not by force but by process – incrementally, bureaucratically, until the point of no return had been passed without anyone noticing when. 3. This is the architecture of the European Union. Not a conspiracy theory – the founding document. Spinelli served as a member of the European Parliament and drafted the 1984 Spinelli Report – the direct precursor to the Maastricht Treaty. Today the European Parliament sits in the Spinelli Building in Brussels. The Spinelli Group inside it advances his program explicitly, in his name, without apology. The man who wrote the blueprint in a prison cell in 1941 is the acknowledged intellectual father of the institution that governs 450 million people. This is not hidden. It is simply not taught. 4. The mechanism was specifically intended to be irreversible. Each treaty expands competence and makes contraction impossible. The Commission is unelected and insulated from democratic pressure to reverse course. Spinelli understood, from his Marxist formation, that the correct way to make a revolutionary change permanent is to make the cost of reversing it higher than the cost of accepting it. Brexit took fifty years of membership to become possible – and was still nearly impossible to execute. 5. Poland is the most precise illustration. A nation that disappeared from the map for a century and fought back through language, family, and refusal to be absorbed – now a member of an institution designed to make national sovereignty obsolete. The Brussels directive that overrides the Polish parliament is Spinelli’s program, running as designed. The Poland that survived partition by Prussia, Russia, and Austria is now navigating a project designed to produce the same outcome through consent rather than conquest. Spinelli would have considered this progress. 6. He died in 1986, before Maastricht, before the euro, before the completed project. Like Gramsci, he did not need to see it. The manifesto written on cigarette-packet paper on a prison island became the founding document of the most powerful supranational institution in history – one that 450 million people live inside without knowing who designed it, when, where, or why. 7. Now you know. The question worth asking is not whether the EU is good or bad. It is whether you would have consented to Spinelli’s program if asked directly – whether you wanted the nation-state abolished permanently by incremental bureaucratic process, designed from the start to be irreversible. Nobody was asked. That too was part of the design.

🔊 Big banks are going global again after years of post-crisis retrenchment. On the Viewsroom podcast this week, Breakingviews columnists debate whether they're just recreating pre-2008 risks

I’ve been warning for years: the real divide is no longer left vs. right. It’s between those who believe America is worth defending and those who see America itself as the problem. My latest Saturday column for @RestoringWest.