I don't know why
@rickawsb wrote his article in Chinese but here's an unfiltered English version of it:🧵👇
The “GENIUS Act” and the New East India Company: How USD Stablecoins May Challenge Fiat Systems and Nation-States
By: Rick AWSB
“This is an extremely sophisticated asymmetric strategy. The U.S. is exploiting its adversaries’ weakest point fear of losing control to build its own moat.
I. Ghosts of History: The Digital Return of the East India Company
History doesn’t repeat, but it does rhyme.
When Trump happily signed the GENIUS Act into law, what came to mind was a powerful image from history: the East India Companies of the 17th and 18th centuries commercial behemoths granted sovereign powers by their nations. These were not mere merchants, but corporate sovereigns, blending soldiers, diplomats, and colonizers.
This Act, though appearing like a regulatory tweak, in truth marks the chartering of 21st-century “New East India Companies” stablecoin issuers gaining legitimacy through U.S. law. It's the beginning of a transformation in global power dynamics.
1a. Charters of a New Power
Four centuries ago, the Dutch and British East India Companies (VOC and EIC) had the power to hire armies, mint currency, make treaties, and wage wars. Their state-backed monopolies defined the age of globalized sea trade.
Today, the GENIUS Act essentially charters modern-day equivalents stablecoin giants like Circle (USDC), potentially Tether, and possibly tech giants like Apple, Google, Meta, and X. No longer rebellious crypto startups, they are now pillars of U.S. financial strategy. Their “routes” aren’t sea lanes, but 24/7 borderless financial rails the new arteries of global commerce.
1b. From Trade Routes to Financial Rails
The old companies controlled physical routes with cannons and forts. These new “digital East India Companies” will control global value flows. If a U.S.-regulated stablecoin becomes the default for cross-border payments, DeFi, and real world asset trading, its issuer gains immense soft power defining compliance, freezing assets, and setting financial norms.
1c. Symbiosis and Conflict with Nation-States
Like their historical predecessors, today’s stablecoin giants may evolve from tools of national strategy to independent power centers. Initially supporting U.S. hegemony and countering China’s e-CNY, they may eventually act in ways that contradict U.S. foreign policy, especially as their shareholder interests diverge from state agendas.
The U.S. may face tension between control and dependence, possibly leading to future updates to the stablecoin legal framework.
II. Global Monetary Tsunami: Dollarization, Deflation, and the End of Non-Dollar Central Banks
The GENIUS Act is more than a charter. It’s the start of a monetary tsunami. The collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 laid the groundwork. In the coming era, people in fragile economies may prefer stablecoins over failing national currencies, leading to hyper-dollarization and devastating local deflation.
2a. The Ghost of Bretton Woods
Under Bretton Woods, the dollar was tied to gold and all other currencies to the dollar. This created a paradox (Triffin Dilemma): to support global trade, the U.S. had to run deficits which eventually undermined confidence. Nixon severed the gold link in 1971, ending the system.
The dollar was reborn as a fiat instrument backed by U.S. strength and network effects. Now, U.S.-approved stablecoins elevate this to a new level bypassing national banks and reaching every smartphone directly.
2b. Hyper-Dollarization
In places like Argentina and Turkey, people flee inflation by using dollars. Stablecoins remove friction: no banks, no capital controls, no physical risk.
From Vietnam to Dubai, and Yiwu to Hong Kong, stablecoin usage is exploding. When inflation rises even slightly, capital doesn’t “flow out”. it vanishes instantly into the crypto ether. This threatens national currencies with obsolescence.
2c. Deflation and the Disappearance of State Power
Once hyper-dollarization hits, governments lose:
• Seigniorage (printing money)
• Monetary policy tools
The result: plummeting local currencies, collapsing tax bases, and failed governance.
The GENIUS Act, combined with tokenized real-world assets (RWAs), may accelerate this collapse.
2d. White House vs. The Fed
Domestically, a conflict may brew. If a Treasury-controlled stablecoin system emerges, it could sidestep the Fed, allowing the Executive Branch to exert monetary influence directly especially in election years or sanction enforcement. This may trigger a crisis in faith over Fed independence.
III. The 21st Century Financial Battlefield: U.S. vs. China and the “Free Financial System”
Externally, the Act is a strategic maneuver in the U.S.-China rivalry an ideological and infrastructural clash.
3a. A New Financial Iron Curtain
Like the post-WWII Bretton Woods institutions (IMF, World Bank), this new “free finance” network powered by USD stablecoins is open, efficient, and diametrically opposed to China’s model of state-controlled finance.
3b. Permissionless vs. Permissioned
China’s e-CNY is fully controlled, running on private ledgers, with full traceability. The U.S., in contrast, backs permissionless blockchains (Ethereum, Solana). Developers worldwide can build freely, with the U.S. acting as “credibility anchor” for the USD.
This asymmetric strategy attracts innovators and users, while China’s surveillance model alienates them. It’s a contest China structurally can’t win.
3c. Bypassing SWIFT: A Dimensional Attack
China and Russia attempt to sidestep SWIFT. But stablecoins render that effort obsolete no middlemen needed, no banks required. The U.S. isn't defending old infrastructure; it's creating a parallel game with new rules enforced by code, not treaties.
3d. Winning the Network Effects War
The fusion of the dollar with crypto’s innovation creates an exponential network. Developers and users will flock to where liquidity and freedom are highest.
Compared to the closed, RMB-centric e-CNY, the open USD ecosystem will dominate globally beyond China’s limited spheres of influence.
IV. The De-Nationalization of Everything: RWA, DeFi, and the Collapse of State Control
Stablecoins are the Trojan Horse. Once users hold stablecoins, the next step is tokenizing all assets, stocks, bonds, real estate, IP into on-chain digital instruments, detaching them from national jurisdiction.
4a. Stablecoins as the Trojan Horse
Governments welcome regulated stablecoins as safe crypto. But in doing so, they unintentionally onboard users into crypto ecosystems one tap away from Bitcoin, ETH, DeFi, and privacy coins.
Platforms like Coinbase become one-stop crypto supermarkets. USDC is the gateway drug leading users toward more freedom, higher yield, and greater autonomy.
4b. RWA: Assets Escape National Jurisdiction
Imagine:
• A Chinese team tokenizes app ownership
• Traded on a permissionless DeFi protocol
• An Argentinian buys it with stablecoins
No bank, no SWIFT, no borders.
This isn’t just new payment rails it’s a parallel universe outside the Westphalian order. When capital de-nationalizes, so do capitalists.
4c. The End of Traditional Finance
Banks, brokers, and payment systems exist to mediate trust. Blockchain replaces this with public, tamper-proof records and smart contracts.
Functions replaced:
• Lending → DeFi protocols
•Trading → AMMs
• Payments → Stablecoin transfers
• Securitization → RWA tokenization
V. The Rise of Sovereign Individuals & The Twilight of the Nation-State
When capital flows freely, assets ignore borders, and power shifts to networks and private giants, we enter a post-national age where the individual becomes sovereign.
5a. The Prophecy of The Sovereign Individual
In 1997, Davidson and Rees-Mogg predicted that the Information Age would make power more mobile than ever. The state would be unable to tax knowledge and capital that exists online.
Stablecoins, DeFi, and RWA make this real. A person can now:
• Hold global assets
•Move capital instantly
• Stay outside any one jurisdiction
States lose grip. And their ability to tax or control fades.
5b. The End of the Westphalian System
Since 1648, the world has been ruled by nation-states. But if productive individuals live in cyberspace, state borders become meaningless.
States may resort to coercion predatory taxes, surveillance accelerating elite exit. Eventually, they may become "nanny states" serving only immobile, less wealthy citizens.
5c. The Final Frontier: Privacy vs. Taxation
Today’s chains are transparent. But zero-knowledge tech (ZKPs) will bring complete anonymity.
Combined with stablecoins, this creates an untouchable financial black box breaking the state’s final tool: taxation.
Conclusion:
The French Revolution replaced monarchs with nations. This revolution led by stablecoins and AI replaces territorial sovereignty with network and individual sovereignty.
It’s not just a transfer of power it’s a decentralization and de-nationalization of power.
We are witnessing the breakdown of an old world and the birth of a new order that grants individuals unprecedented freedom, but also unleashes unprecedented chaos.