🚀 AI Deep Dive Episode 5: Can We See Inside an AI’s Mind? AI can write down its reasoning. But what happens when more of its thinking never makes it onto the page? @rocketalignment and @GoodfireAI co-founder and chief scientist Tom McGrath explore what AI “brain scans” can reveal beyond written reasoning, how internal signals could help catch cheating, and what it would take to understand—and change—what models learn. 00:00 Intro 00:39 Tom McGrath and AI brain scans 09:01 Written reasoning and hidden computation 17:45 Why AI is hard to understand 24:07 How researchers identify concepts 31:10 What interpretability could change 34:42 Reverse engineering a language model 43:09 The field’s approaches and investment 51:51 Changing models without hiding problems 1:00:10 AI agents studying AI

"These rent seekers who set drug prices care nothing about the patient." AJ Loiacono saw that the same drug can have 600 different prices in a month, and a $120 copay is enough to make a third of Americans skip their prescription. He built @judihealth as a single system that processes prescription and medical claims for employers, so Americans get healthcare at the right price. Watch @hollsmaloney in conversation with AJ. Chapters 00:00 — Everyone Expected Him to Be a Pharmacist 03:10 — When Drug Pricing Still Made Sense 05:46 — Your File Is Corrupted 08:50 — Raising His Ambition 13:19 — The Netflix Moment 19:23 — Same Drug, 40% More, One Mile Away 29:28 — How a $200 Chair Explains Drug Rebates 37:45 — Explaining Judi Health to a Five-Year-Old 43:37 — Never Make Money on Drug Spend 46:50 — Every Interaction Becomes a Claim 51:51 — Convincing the Board This Could Work 58:12 — A Stanford PhD Can't Decode Her Own Medical Bill

BITCOIN RAILS #59#: Post-Quantum Bitcoin Signatures (+ their tradeoffs) | with BIP 360 co-author @Ethan_Heilman and @Blockstream Head of Research @n1ckler 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: According to BIP 360 co-author Ethan Heilman, Bitcoin needs a minimum of two soft forks to become quantum resistant: P2MR (or an output type that can safely execute PQ signatures) + a post-quantum checksig (signature scheme). Ethan and the BIP 360 team (including myself and @cryptoquick) introduced the P2MR part via a BIP 360 update late last year—but the question remains, what’s the most appropriate PQ signature scheme for Bitcoin? They all have substantive tradeoffs, but hash-based signatures seem to be leading technical discourse—likely due to recent optimizations by @n1ckler and the broader @Blockstream research team. It was an honor to sit down with both of these men - arguably the two most influential and productive cryptographers in Bitcoin quantum mitigation right now - for an in-depth review of the leading PQ signature schemes and a temperature check on Bitcoin’s post-quantum planning process. TBH, if you want to skip the noise and jump straight to the signal on quantum, this is the interview to watch. In this episode, we discuss: - What needs to happen at the soft fork, infra, and mitigation levels to fully quantum-harden Bitcoin - Recent updates to BIP 360 + breakdown of the leading hash-based signatures schemes for Bitcoin (SHRINCS + SHRIMPS) - Why we may actually get consensus around a stateful scheme for Bitcoin - Comparisons of hash-based signatures vs Lattice and Isogeny-based schemes - Assessing the risks of both waiting too long and acting too fast (and why quantum is a better threat to be facing than a potential classical attack) This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: - LayerTwo Labs @LayerTwoLabs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) - Hashi on @SuiNetwork — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity - BitBox @BitBoxSwiss — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:18 Ethan’s Quantum Wakeup 05:18 How Blockstream Enters Post Quantum 09:25 BIP 360 Explained 12:11 How Bitcoin Transitions to PQ 17:35 Choosing Post Quantum Signatures 23:20 How Blockstream Created SHRINCS 27:22 Signature Budgets Importance Explained 41:13 What are SHRIMPS? 44:51 SHRIMPS vs SHRINCS 47:48 Why SLH-DSA Alone Won’t Cut It 49:24 Is a SHRIMPS + SHRINCS BIP Coming? 51:51 Blockstream’s Big Plans for Liquid 59:04 Quantum Readiness Roadmap 01:02:22 Importance of a PQ Recovery Plan 01:05:35 How Long Would a PQ Migration Take 01:11:17 Quantum Watchlist Recommendations