Omega-3s may help slow biological aging, with added benefits when combined with vitamin D and strength training
In a 3-year randomized trial of healthy, mostly active older adults, omega-3 alone slowed several DNA-based aging clocks
Vitamin D and strength training alone did not, but adding them strengthened the effect on one clock, with the full combination slowing that measure by ~3.8 months
That may sound small, but even modest slowing could matter if sustained
In separate analyses, the same combination was also linked to ~40% lower odds of pre-frailty and 61% lower invasive cancer risk
Lutein and zeaxanthin may be among the most evidence-backed carotenoids for longevity
They accumulate in the brain, where higher lutein levels are associated with greater crystallized intelligence (RCTs show that lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation can improve some measures of cognitive function)
Evidence also suggests they may slow progression to advanced macular degeneration in high-risk individuals
Kale is exceptionally high in lutein, and both carotenoids can also be obtained from certain multivitamins
Plastic chemicals may be one of the more overlooked contributors to declining testosterone levels
The pattern starts before birth, when normal testosterone signaling is critical for male sexual development
Higher phthalate exposure during pregnancy is associated with undescended testes, hypospadias, and shorter anogenital distance
Undescended testes, in particular, carry risks well beyond development (impaired fertility and a major risk factor for testicular cancer)
The trend continues into adulthood: large NHANES studies find that men with higher phthalate levels have substantially lower testosterone