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Toni Wahrstätter ⟠
@nero_eth
serving ethereum at @ethereumfndn
632 Following    8.7K Followers
Breakthroughs coming to attestation broadcast too. Three principles: shaving off wire bytes, reducing latencies, increasing information efficiency per committee. One Hegotá proposal that made several Core Devs happy is Batching Attestations at Source, authored by yours truly, in collaboration with @nero_eth and @mkalinin2.
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Bitcoin doesn’t need a "new" privacy solution that’s really just a worse mixer wrapped in multisigs and trust assumptions. CoinJoins already work, and they’ve worked for years. Reinventing privacy badly is not progress.
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What happens when Bitcoin's transparency becomes a map for attackers? @thedamooo's full Bitcoin 2026 talk is live. He breaks down why every BTC privacy option today is broken, why wrench attacks are up 75% this year, and how strkBTC fixes it with ZK. → Watch the full talk
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The blog post is great, but something that is often lost, or simply taken for granted, may not be so obvious to everyone. In my experience the single most important aspect of these meetings is the human interaction and trust-building connections that are started in these events. It is pretty clear that Ethereum is steered by a body of people representing very disparate corporate and personal interests. After a few nights hacking until 3am you get a clear feeling on people's values. We may disagree on some technical aspects, very strongly at times, but I know my allies and whom to trust mostly from these meetings. And often times are the ones that disagree with me the most.
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Now that Glamsterdam made solid progress at the interop, we’ve started ramping up work on Hegotá. At first glance, Hegotá looks easy. A fork with one headliner. But you’ve been warned. FOCIL is just the beginning. A long line of EIPs is vying for inclusion. Plenty more to come in subsequent forks. Native AA, statelessness, execution proofs, PQ, Fast Finality and so on. It’s hard to say which one is more important or more difficult than others. Exciting years ahead. Stay ambitious. Play the long game.
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10M of stake, just ~12500 validators. If the whole stake was like this, we could finalize in seconds. Let your staking pool know that you want the finality time to go down by 100x, and let's get the remaining 900k validators down to a few thousands 🫡
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Excited about what @lou3ee is cooking. Dude captured the magic and chaos of Ethereum core devs perfectly. Can’t wait for this one.
Last week I travelled to the North Pole to film 100 core developers building Ethereum. But there was a twist... They had 5 days to build the first devnet for Glamsterdam, Ethereum’s next major upgrade, helping secure a $500 billion network. It was the most magical experience of my life. I’ve never experienced energy like it. It very quickly became, to me, the ultimate hackathon. With the stakes of Ethereum’s uptime. But how does anything stay together when no one is in charge? At one point @TimBeiko said: “we're about to turn 1 month of async work into 1 day”... From 4am technical drama (shit gets hot), To the most beautiful coordination between client teams, All the way to people really explaining why they do this. These are THE heroes you’ve never heard of. This is about the people keeping Ethereum alive. This is THE story. The people who have put a decade of work into Ethereum’s uptime. Full documentary coming soon.
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Privacy 🤝🏻 2D nonces.
🔐 New EIP-8250: Keyed Nonces for Frame Transactions 🔐 by @soispoke, @nero_eth, @lightclients and @VitalikButerin This replaces the single sender nonce with (nonce_key, nonce_seq), giving frame transactions independent replay domains. For privacy protocols, the key can be derived from a nullifier: concurrent withdrawals from a shared sender become possible, with inclusion atomically marking the nullifier spent. Target fork: Hegota Links below 👇
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Ethereum is turning privacy into a first-class primitive. Frame transactions (EIP-8141) + 2D nonces remove the need for intermediaries: fees can be paid from the withdrawal itself, no third party relayer or doxxed account needed anymore. Next steps include: - cheaper deposits/withdrawals (more throughput, cheaper proving) - enshrined privacy at L1 More details in the ethresearch post:
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Ethereum continues to scale in the background. Gas prices are low, so maybe people don't care as much, but it's important to get ahead of the coming demand surge.
Glamsterdam changes the scale. Ethereum will see a gas limit increase by more than 3x, introducing parallelism, smart slot pipelining, sustainable state handling and more. Wouldn't have been possible without Tim - thank you! 🫡
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Yesterday, we wrapped up the Soldøgn interop: a week long core dev event focused on hardening Glamsterdam implementations to scale Ethereum securely ☀️ It was our most intense one yet. Teams used every hour of the midnight sun, ultimately converging on a 200M gas limit target after Glamsterdam, a more than 3x increase! Soldøgn also marked the end of my tenure at the EF & L1 R&D. As announced earlier this year, I'll be exploring frontier use cases for Ethereum. I could not have asked for a better way to wrap up the past 8 years: IMO this was our best interop yet. Thank you to everyone who made it so special ❤️‍🔥 I’ll be offline for the next month, then back in June, kicking things off at @EthConf! Please reach out then to chat about things that only Ethereum can make possible. Cheers 👋
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Ethereum is about to scale hard. Time for app devs to revisit ideas that failed years ago due to high gas costs. 200M gas looks very realistic, and 300M is well within reach. Glamsterdam changes the scale.
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A fact I feel like almost nobody knows: Ethereum's gas limit will be increased to ~200M after Glamsterdam, a huge increase from the 60M we have today. That’s a 3x+ of L1 execution capacity, with expectation of further doubling soons after that. Assuming no similar increase in demand, fees could stay near zero for years. This is the result of several innovations coming together at the right time: ePBS gives payloads more time, BALs let clients prefetch/parallelize execution work, and gas repricings make higher limits safe.
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Interop for Glamsterdam was a big success, and from what I can tell, it will bring major scaling improvements to Ethereum. With BALs (EIP-7928), nodes can parallelize transaction execution, state root computation, and batch prefetch the state needed for a block. With ePBS (EIP-7732), we get ~2-3x more time for execution. Devs have been shipping non-stop this week, and I’m as tired as I am convinced this fork will be a huge unlock.
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Last week, Ethereum core contributors gathered in Svalbard for the Soldøgn interop: a week long event focused on hardening Glamsterdam implementations to scale Ethereum securely ☀️ Read the full recap, including their candidate post-fork gas limit, below:
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Last week, Ethereum core contributors gathered in Svalbard for the Soldøgn interop: a week long event focused on hardening Glamsterdam implementations to scale Ethereum securely ☀️ Read the full recap, including their candidate post-fork gas limit, below:
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6/ Next was @nero_eth from the Ethereum Foundation on EIP-7928 (block-level access lists) and how this new feature in Ethereum would impact builders and the transaction supply chain.
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This EIP brings more to Ethereum blockspace customization than any upgrade since multidimensional Blockspace.
Every cell of my being is meant to be against what Arbitrum just did. Yet I understand their decision, People getting their money back matters more than convictions that would allow unc Kim to walk away with a payday.
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One interesting case that many don’t know: invalid BALs don’t really "break" parallel execution, they just make clients execute against the wrong state and then reject the block anyway. The crux is rejecting as early as possible. In this post, I show how nodes catch these adversarial BALs early by repeatedly doing simple feasibility checks (e.g. whether the claimed accesses even fit within the gas budget) before finishing execution, avoiding wasted work that can even exceed the work required to process an honest block:
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