吴恩达老师观点:所谓“AI 会引发大规模失业”,纯粹是一种不负责任的恐慌故事。
软件工程师都快被 AI 工具折腾死了吧?可现实却是工程师招聘市场依旧火爆,美国失业率稳稳地停在 4.3%,没半点要崩的样子。每一波技术浪潮,最终创造出来的新岗位远比被干掉的多得多,这次也不会例外。
“AI 抢饭碗”这个故事为啥这么流行背后的三股推动力:
一是前沿 AI 公司特愿意把自己技术吹得越神越好。一项技术能干掉一个年薪十万的员工,那卖你一万美元的订阅费是不是就显得便宜了?
二是企业自己也爱把裁员说成是“AI 提效”,毕竟比承认“疫情期间招人招过头了”听着体面多了。
三是媒体天然就偏爱恐慌故事。“AI 会让人类灭绝”,这标题点击率总比“AI 会改变你的工作内容”高出几个数量级。
他举了些历史上类似的群体恐慌故事:比如公众对核电站安全的过度焦虑,直接导致核电发展停滞几十年;60年代“人口炸弹”的恐惧,让很多国家祭出了严厉的人口控制政策;再比如对脂肪的恐惧,导致政府推广了几十年的高糖低脂饮食。这些听起来有点荒唐,但当年每一个故事都非常流行,并实实在在影响了无数人的生活。
AI 不会带来失业末日(jobpocalypse),而会带来一场就业狂欢(jobapalooza)。大量 AI 工程师的岗位即将诞生,而且还不止是在传统科技公司里。其他非 AI 岗位的技能需求也会发生重大变化。对普通人来说,现在正是进入 AI 行业、或者掌握 AI 工具的最佳时机。
There will be no AI jobpocalypse.
The story that AI will lead to massive unemployment is stoking unnecessary fear. AI — like any other technology — does affect jobs, but telling overblown stories of large-scale unemployment is irresponsible and damaging. Let’s put a stop to it.
I’ve expressed skepticism about the jobpocalypse in previous posts. I’m glad to see that the popular press is now pushing back on this narrative. The image below features some recent headlines.
Software engineering is the sector most affected by AI tools, as coding agents race ahead. Yet hiring of software engineers remains strong! So while there are examples of AI taking away jobs, the trends strongly suggest the net job creation is vastly greater than the job destruction — just like earlier waves of technology. Further, despite all the exciting progress in AI, the U.S. unemployment rate remains a healthy 4.3%.
Why is the AI jobpocalypse narrative so popular? For one thing, frontier AI labs have a strong incentive to tell stories that make AI technology sound more powerful. At their most extreme, they promote science-fiction scenarios of AI “taking over” and causing human extinction. If a technology can replace many employees, surely that technology must be very valuable!
Also, a lot of SaaS software companies charge around $100-$1000 per user/year. But if an AI company can replace an employee who makes $100,000 — or make them 50% more productive — then charging even $10,000 starts to look reasonable. By anchoring not to typical SaaS prices but to salaries of employees, AI companies can charge a lot more.
Additionally, businesses have a strong incentive to talk about layoffs as if they were caused by AI. After all, talking about how they’re using AI to be far more productive with fewer staff makes them look smart. This is a better message than admitting they overhired during the pandemic when capital was abundant due to low interest rates and a massive government financial stimulus.
To be clear, I recognize that AI is causing a lot of people’s work to change. This is hard. This is stressful. (And to some, it can be fun.) I empathize with everyone affected. At the same time, this is very different from predicting a collapse of the job market.
Societies are capable of telling themselves stories for years that have little basis in reality and lead to poor society-wide decision making. For example, fears over nuclear plant safety led to under-investment in nuclear power. Fears of the “population bomb” in the 1960s led countries to implement harsh policies to reduce their populations. And worries about dietary fat led governments to promote unhealthy high-sugar diets for decades.
Now that mainstream media is openly skeptical about the jobpocalypse, I hope these stories will start to lose their teeth (much like fears of AI-driven human extinction have).
Contrary to the predictions of an AI jobpocalypse, I predict the opposite: There will be an AI jobapalooza! AI will lead to a lot more good AI engineering jobs, and I’m also optimistic about the future of the overall job market. What AI engineers do will be different from traditional software engineering, and many of these jobs will be in businesses other than traditional large employers of developers. In non-AI roles, too, the skills needed will change because of AI. That makes this a good time to encourage more people to become proficient in AI, and make sure they’re ready for the different but plentiful jobs of the future!
[Original text in The Batch newsletter.]
顯示更多