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Shanu Mathew
@ShanuMathew93
Energy Abundance, AI Power & Data Centers, NBA, & Rap posts. Background in equity & credit markets, startups, & IB. Personal views NOT employers. NOT advice.
2K Following    36.3K Followers
Becoming more ways to hedge or take a view on AI beyond equities and CDS. The WSJ reports Jump has launched a compute desk, trading price gaps across providers and structuring OTC derivatives. An illustrative structure: a neocloud buys a put on GPU rental rates. The article cites B300 rentals at ~$7.56/GPU-hour; Jump could agree to buy compute at $4/hour if prices fall below that level, or settle in cash. That protects the provider against a collapse in rental revenue below the strike. Susquehanna is also fielding interest in compute-index puts from data centers and private neoclouds. Some want the protection to help secure financing from lenders. Alongside planned compute futures, this is starting to become a market. Hearing more trading firms are getting involved.
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Well this doesn’t bode well for my Instinct usage Text was the missing form factor it’s just a lot easier than a separate app or Slack and already live and am used to communicating in there
Awesome read. Anthropic’s huge compute commitments are MANAGEABLE because payments stretch over years. He estimates BINDING payments of ~$56bn in 2027 and ~$86bn in 2028, with projected revenue of $100bn/$140bn covering even cancellable capacity and other cash costs. The real vulnerability is revenue trajectory disappointing or further spending commitments. Note: his projected ~$200bn cash cushion assumes a ~$100bn IPO.
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Databricks describes AI as the “fastest growing part of our business” in a posting for a Product Finance Director covering AI products and GPU investment strategy. In August, it reported a revenue run-rate above $7B, growing >80% YoY. Its AI products had already crossed $1.4B in revenue run-rate in February. Databricks helps enterprises organize and analyze their own data, with machine learning already part of the platform. Generative AI extends that offering across an installed base of 20,000+ organizations, including 70% of the Fortune 500. The role includes planning GPU demand for production inference, procuring capacity across hyperscalers and neoclouds, and managing utilization and cost per token/query. Enterprise platforms like Databricks can aggregate compute demand across many customers as AI becomes part of their existing workflows. The explicit inclusion of neocloud procurement is particularly interesting, although the posting doesn’t disclose spending or capacity volumes. Interested to follow this along…
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remind me when all the tech ppl were like datacenters are going to go up everywhere and everyone will figure it out no problem b/c grooooooowth
Helpful breakdown. Thank you. So, Anthropic reportedly did $16.8bn in Q3: ~46% QoQ growth versus >140% in Q2. Using the inferred ~$74bn September exit run-rate: • Continuing ~6.6% monthly growth → ~$89bn by December • $100bn year-end bogey → ~10.7% monthly growth in Q4 Growth has technically decelerated from a very high level but more importantly the $100bn year-end bogey requires Q4 reaccelerating (which may or may not happen).
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Gigabrains help me out: GS puts required annual hyperscale AI revenue at $526bn, based on average annual capex across 2026 and 2027 and a 20% hyperscaler ROIC. I assume OpenAI and Anthropic have similar ARR, GW capacity and inference share, with $20bn of revenue per blended GW and $50bn per monetized GW (40% of capacity monetized). Today, combined ARR is ~$75bn on 3.5-4GW, or ~$20bn per GW for Ant (OAI is close to $70bn now so lets just assume the same for both). Each lab goes from ~2GW to 5GW by YE26 and 10GW by YE27. >YE26: 5GW x $20bn = $100bn per lab. The monetized route agrees: 40% x 5GW = 2GW x $50bn = $100bn. >YE27: 10GW x $20bn = $200bn per lab (4GW monetized x $50bn). Two labs at YE27 give $400bn of implied lab ARR. That leaves ~$126bn of the $526bn for everyone else: non-lab hyperscaler revenue, agentic software, Muse/Instinct, other labs, routers and harness companies. Attainable or not? That all assumes pricing and revenue per GW don't come down as well for the labs. Am I thinking about this right? Feel free to critique/debate anything I laid out @JaredKubin @azeem @GavinSBaker @WarrenPies @FredaDuan @altcap @_clarktang @TBU12345678 @TMTLongShort @zephyr_z9
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Shout out my guy @rmcentush on the great piece around why it's not as simple as ordering a bunch of equipment and 'plugging it in' for data centers - grid or BTM. This is helpful for laymen and experts, both! Visuals are great. Lucky to see early version of the piece and Ryan spent a ton of time distilling A LOT of info into a clean, punchy piece. Worth your time.
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OAI and Ant are also at ~30-40% inference with the rest allocated for training It’s one of the most important assumptions in all of compute/tokenomics because it dictates how much compute is monetized and the monetization rate As these guys all scale from 1-2 gigs to 5 GW and to 10+ in coming years if you believe the ramp we’ll start to see natural deceleration in monetization rates or MUCH larger revenue bases Example: 5GW estimated YE for Ant and OAI, 40% inference = 2GW. If they’re at $100BN implied ARR means blended rate is $20BN GW ($100/5) but they’re monetizing at $50BN per GW ($100/2). Also crucially important to dictate economics as compute remains constrained. Eg if you pay $10B, $20B, even $50B for compute you need to charge MORE than that as a model/lab company selling tokens per GW to make money. Bake in the incremental costs of serving, as well. This is why when you go from 5 to 10GW, folks are saying Ant needs to show $100Bn then $200Bn otherwise definitionally you are monetizing inference at a lower rate UNLESS they allocate even less compute to it. But given the size and scale, if anything, imagine they try to monetize more
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Take my money
First preview of Muse on Oakley Meta Vanguard. Meta Connect is Wednesday at 4PM. Don’t miss it! 😎
All the fear mongering in press over years is being reversed slowly by meta cooking on a good consumer product that lets people see the value of AI in their lives + paired with a cute lil brand ambassador Masterclass being put on
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we are considering opening a muse merch store i am doing market research how excited you would be by muse merch, from a scale of "meh" to "you can have my right kidney"?
If US wants to be considered a secure and trusted exporter of energy that allies can rely on then we can't arbitrarily change rules and disrupt flows bc of domestic politics. Long-term economic & geopolitical impacts are profound. Even public consideration undermines confidence.
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just got off the phone with a new engineer hire at a portco with a very wise insight “AI has been replacing my job since I got a CS degree, yet I’m busier than ever - we can all just be more ambitious” this is the same insight that the inimitable @JensenHuang has for us all
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This is the danger of valuing things perpetually off revenue vs profits Cc: VCs
In March 2026 Harvey raised at an $11b valuation at ~$200m ARR (50x revenue) By June, for every $1 in revenue, Harvey was spending $1.50 with Anthropic (et. al.) Meanwhile Anthropic raises at $965b valuation in May 2026 with $47b run rate (20x revenue) I have so many thoughts here but I think it's the first crystal clear articulation of the double counting of revenue that's happening in VC land. A single dollar flows into Harvey's , boosting their valuation at 50x ratio, then turns into $1.50 and flows into Anthropic where it boosts valuation at 20x. $1m spend customer spend with Harvey was leading to $80m in valuation markup across Harvey and Anthropic. I don't get it.
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Two days old news but Texas Governor Greg Abbott ordered a temporary pause in state permits for data center development amid rising opposition to the projects and a tight reelection campaign. So no signs of let up but again temporary measures ahead of election. Not necessarily new info.
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Great thread and kudos to @nic_carter for not sweeping the concerns under the rug like it's getting popular to do Data centers CAN be a good neighbor but distance + acknowledging very real residential complaints around noise should be bare minimum considerations. Can be a big problem
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How noisy are America’s largest data centers? I had my agents crank on this question for over a week. Together we investigated the 25 largest operating US AI campuses (according to Epoch), looking at satellite imagery, equipment, nearby homes, and noise complaints. I expected to dismiss resident concerns. I came away more sympathetic to the neighbors, but also convinced that these problems are avoidable.
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GS sees US BTM going from ~2-3 GW in 2026 to ~30+ GW by 2030. Need to get +7-8GW/yr from BTM. Good luck and we shall see but 2027-2028 is going to be the big test period for all these forecasts. Either showcase we can build things quickly and that this time is different, or bottlenecks force a slowdown.
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Totally valid on the AI trade broadly. Confused on the comment around lease rates. Blackwell rental rate... "Ornn's B200 Rental Index has reached an all time high. B200s on-demand rentals are now transacting at an average price of $7.88 per GPU hour."
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On the AI front, the trade has been dead money for more than 3 months now. The metrics I am following (token expenditures and GPU lease rates) are all flat to down. The price of memory (DRAM) seems to be the only thing that is still going up. 🧵(1/2)
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Very well said and I think this is a very important conversation to have in public/out loud. You are thinking far too small if you look at the latest *general* model and a one-off task incredibly specific to *you/your trade* and say "oh, it's not good enough, it won't be". For years now, it's been "not good at X", or "it still does Y", and then they just continually blow past every threshold while focusing on GENERAL PURPOSE computing. Thus far, every time we've applied serious compute and company focus on a specific domain, the models, capability, and importantly OUTPUTS/OUTCOMES get SO much better. We are at a point where companies are simultaneously i) undergoing one of the greatest capex buildouts of all time - building, structuring, financing, partnering ii) each doing their own Manhattan project-style research effort to race to RSI first and fend off other competing labs at a time iii) launch vertical strategies across MANY different domains all at once (e.g., coding, law, finance, math, etc.) across MANY form factors (e.g., assistant, terminal, agents, web, VM, etc.) iv) model generations updating so quickly that we never even fully maximize nor saturate the capabilities of prior generations which are probably 'good enough' for 90%+ of tasks One of those is a herculean task, let alone ALL of them at the SAME time. We have yet to test a 100% focused frontier compute style training (reminder labs are 2-3 generations ahead) and GTM effort on a specific use case and applying as much compute as we can at saturating that (compute constrained + cost). Lone outlier perhaps is coding which we all know how that went. Imagine what happens when they dedicate all their time and focus on what is already arguably AGI-level models at specific tasks and verticals. You think the models won't figure it out most economically viable tasks with hours of training + 1000s of employees fine tuning it specifically for that domain + compounding the multiplicative effect of clients * use case * SME they get from their customers in a said industry. Not saying we will do that, but hard to be bearish imo that they wouldn't be able to 'crack' many forms of knowledge work *if* that was their only pursuit vs. building "digital god" (and it still might happen) More and more, thinking about what the world looks like when/where machine intelligence and depth goes far beyond what humans are capable. None of this means no work, terminator, etc. There will still be humans, companies, and plenty of work to go around, etc. But it's increasingly harder to envision a world where humans don't offload the majority of work to the machines. Intelligence was never the end all be all of human progress over time but it damn sure is an accelerant. There are psychological and societal impacts as that flows through on what human-machine interface looks like, how people derive value (many people work = identity, or intelligence = most desirable trait), what people's idea of work looks like in the future, etc. Time I start talking to some of those AGI philosophers, huh?
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Great thread. It's all true. When I've said similar things in the past, people have accused me of hyping up what the models will eventually be capable of. That's not why I post. I don't work for any of the labs. I don't take money from any of them. I've never taken money to promote anything. I came here for one reason: to warn people about what was coming. Everything happening now is a different tiny piece of the same pattern. You can see it everywhere if you look. Terence Tao, almost exactly two years ago, on OpenAI's o1: 'The experience seemed roughly on par with trying to advise a mediocre, but not completely incompetent, (static simulation of a) graduate student. However, this was an improvement over previous models, whose capability was closer to an actually incompetent (static simulation of a) graduate student. It may only take one or two further iterations of improved capability (and integration with other tools, such as computer algebra packages and proof assistants) until the level of '(static simulation of a) competent graduate student' is reached, at which point I could see this tool being of significant use in research-level tasks.' Terence Tao, four days ago: 'I mean it's it's it's amazing just how much we are willing to change everything without having any idea what's what's going to happen afterwards. It's it's extremely nonlinear dynamics. Any kind of monotone, one-dimensional thinking - well, oh, a little bit of this is good, therefore a lot of it is going to be a lot better - one of the lessons of math is that most systems don't work like that. Especially if you 10x, 100x things. So, you know, I mean, we're... we have to slow down. I mean, this is, it's insane this pace, and there's no reason to be this fast. There's no reason at all.' He has seen it. I'm not posting this to belittle him, or what he's feeling. For I have been through it myself. I felt it four years ago, the first time I saw the shape of this. Right now the world is seeing that same shape, that same pattern, in what is happening in math. But this is not about math. OpenAI is not a mathematics company. It is an intelligence company. They didn't put serious resources into math until a few weeks ago, and look what has happened since. This was not a matter of model capability either. It was a matter of resources, of allocation. Of compute, more of which is coming online every day. Once there is enough of it, the models will expand into more spheres of human expertise, and then into all of them. All the work of the mind. And it will play out there exactly as it is playing out now in math. Everyone will go through what Tao is going through, because all of us have something that means to us what math means to him. But this is not about math, or art, or copyright. This is about everything, because it generalizes to everything. Pacing the Frontier is not about regulatory capture, IPOs, or crippling the competition. It's part of it, sure, but it's not the main reason. The main reason is fear. Everything happened faster over the last six months than anyone at Anthropic or OpenAI expected. If you know anyone who works there, you know this is true. This isn't a secret. The people who work there are saying it openly. The old timelines are all blown up. RSI isn't two years out. It's not even a year away. I think we get the real thing by next summer. That's what they've seen internally, and that's the real reason for Pacing the Frontier. After we reach that, I think we will hit the next milestone really quickly. And after that, everything in this world will change. We are not ready for it. We wouldn't be ready if we had another ten years. We only make it through now with the help of extremely capable models, and I think trying to stop now would doom us all. But I have never once, in these last four years, believed that we were going to stop anyway. I don't even think we're going to slow down. We're going straight in. And the only way out is through.
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